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題名:護理師需求強度與組織承諾、工作滿足的關係:需求困擾的調節效果
作者:蔡秋月
作者(外文):Chiu-YuehTsai
校院名稱:國立成功大學
系所名稱:教育研究所
指導教授:李坤崇
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2013
主題關鍵詞:Maslow需求層級理論護理師心理需求強度心理需求困擾Maslow’s hierarchy of needsnursing personneneeds intensityneeds frustration
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本研究以Maslow (1954)所提需求層級理論(Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs)為基礎,參酌相關理論來編制適用於醫療產業護理專業人員的「護理師心理需求強度量表」和「護理師心理需求困擾量表」,以為瞭解護理師心理需求強度、心理需求困擾的現況,依護理人員的服務單位、科系、護理師分級、世代別、工作年資、學歷、有無婚姻及子女,分別探討護理師心理需求強度、心理需求困擾的關係,以及考驗護理師心理需求強度和心理需求困擾理論模式的適切性。
「護理師心理需求強度量表」和「護理師心理需求困擾量表」其分量表內容含生理需求強度、安全需求強度、愛與隸屬需求強度、自尊需求強度、自我實現需求強度與生理需求困擾、安全需求困擾、愛與隸屬需求困擾、自尊需求困擾、自我實現需求困擾,量表題目各30題並以 Likert 六點量表,經驗證信度、效度建立護理師心理需求之問卷量表。
研究樣本為台灣北、中、南的442位合格護理師,「護理師心理需求強度量表」、「護理師心理需求困擾量表」、「組織承諾量表」和「工作滿足量表」,探討護理師心理需求困擾調節心理需求強度對組織承諾、工作滿足之影響。
結果發現,護理師的「生理需求強度最高、生理需求困擾最多」,護理師最需要正常的飲食、足夠的休息與睡眠;生理、安全、愛與隸屬心理需求強度,大學、N3、N2高於專科及N-N1;生理、安全、愛與隸屬心理需求困擾,則專科、N3、N2高於大學及N-N1。無婚姻、Y世代、工作年資5年以下之護理師之護理師心理需求強度高,然而護理人員基本特性分析中發現,自我實現需求困擾完全無顯著差異。護理師心理需求困擾會調節心理需求強度與組織承諾的關係,無關於工作滿足。
護理師對基本生理需求的渴望,確實值得審思與探討。Y世代護理師的生理、安全、愛與隸屬、自尊、自我實現之需求強度與自尊需求困擾最高;嬰兒潮世代護理師的組織承諾高於Y世代,與X世代無差異;其中嬰兒潮世代護理師的持續承諾最高,但工作滿足於世代別中顯然無差異。
本研究最大貢獻在於「護理師心理需求強度量表」和「護理師心理需求困擾量表」,是以16位經精實考量其學歷、職階、年齡、臨床護理實務經歷為焦點訪談對象、問題意見收集,過程中賦予使命及自我實現的概念,形成問卷的内容真實反應護理師的心理需求;值得重視未來護理照護主力的Y世代護理師心理需求內涵,可提供護理專業人力管理之參考,持續追蹤應用之量表,俾供從事護理教育輔導與管理,以及未來進行研究的參考。
This study applies Maslow’s (1954) hierarchy of needs and develops respective measurement to investigate the mental needs intensity and mental needs problem of nursing personnel. Specifically, I examine the associations between the mental needs intensity and mental needs problem in nursing personnel based on service, discipline, ranking, generation, tenure, education, tenure, educational background, and marital and family status.
The measure of mental needs intensity and problems is constructed by questionnaires for the intensity and frustration of needs in nursing personnel from five perspectives, including physical needs, safety needs, love and belongingness needs, esteem needs, and the needs for self-actualization. The questionnaires include 30 questions in each of perspective and are designed by six-point Likert scales with robustness checks of reliability and validity.
The sample in this study consists of 442 nursing personnel from north, middle, and south regions of Taiwan. I also employ measures of mental needs intensity and frustration, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction to investigate the moderating effect of needs problem on organizational commitment and job satisfaction in nursing personnel.
The results show significant and positive associations between physical needs and physical frustrations. Abundant nutrition, rest, and sleep are of most importance.
The mental needs intensity, including physical needs, safety needs, and the love and belongingness needs, is higher in nursing personnel with university, N3, and N2 education than those with college or N-N1 education. The mental needs frustration, including physical need frustration, safety needs frustration, and the love and belongingness needs frustration, is higher in nursing personnel with college or N3, N2 education than those with university and N-N1 education. Nursing personnel with single, Y generation, and tenure under 5 years have the highest mental needs intensity. However, through fundamental analyses I do not find significant difference across nursing personnel both in the needs intensity and needs frustration of self-actualization.
The needs intensity and frustration is different across generations in nursing personnel, including baby-boom, X, and Y generations. The personnel of Y generation have the highest needs intensity in physical needs, safety needs, love and belongingness, self-esteem, self-actualization and the needs frustration in self-esteem. The personnel of baby-boom generation have higher organizational commitment than those of Y generation. But such difference is insignificant between baby-boom and X generation. The nursing personnel of baby-boom generation have the highest continues commitment, but their job satisfaction does not significantly differ from their generation.
The work contributes to the research of needs intensity in nursing industry and provides the measures of mental needs intensity and mental needs frustration by well-designed questionnaires and interviewing 16 well-selected nursing personnel based on educational background, ranking, age, and experience. Overall, the study shows the importance of needs intensity and frustration in nursing personnel, different mental needs across generations, and contributes to human resource management of nursing profession.
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