This paper looks at 'romancing' as an active and constructive process that involves erotic arousing, narrative and history. I attempt to study the narrative of love and desire in the fiction of the Japanese colonial period. I classify the authors and their works into three categories. The first refers to the Japanese writer Nishikawa Mitsura, who had lived in Taiwan during the colonial period; and the second consists of Taiwanese writers of serious literature such as Wong Nau and others; and the third consists of writers of popular novels, mainly Xu Kun-quan and Wu Man-sha. In the works by Nishikawa Mitsura which deal with the description of Taiwan history and its people, love and desire are not the foci of the fictional representation. However, the writers stand on an imperial position to gaze, with erotic nuances, at the history and people of Taiwan, presenting to the reader a feminine, romantic and erotic imaginary instead of realhistory and people. I therefore borrow the concept of 'romancing the empire' by Emy Kaplan to analyze this phenomenon. With regard to the second category, Taiwanese serious writers, when writing about love and desire, deviate from the norm of colonial literature as cultural awakening and resistance to Japanese rule. Instead, they explore personal sensations and indulge themselves in pensive self-awakening and self-exploration. This tendency marks the appearance of the split between the public sphere and the private sphere, which is one of the major characteristics of modernity. Finally, writers of popular novels focus on the issue of free love and marriage as a token of liberation from traditional restriction and to get into the exciting modern new world. The novels are full of long passages about social reforms. The authors use novels as a way to advocate consciousness of enlightenment and social reform, writing in a manner of hyperboles and oratory as if there were a group of readers congregating to listen to a public speech on the new moral values of free love and free marriage. As these literary works were written in the 1930s and 1940s, I will also explore the ways in which narratives of love and desire were transformed into the desire to be a Japanese imperial subject. By writing about love and longing for something in the receding horizon, all three groups of authors engage themselves with the distinction of the public and the private spheres in their own ways. This paper thus argues for the importance of narrative of love both as the mark of the emergence of modernity and as the point of departure to explore the role and function of literature in early colonial modernity.