唐宋時期,伴隨祠廟題記書寫的平民化轉向,女性在家、廟之間的形象發生變化。一方面,"男外女內"的儒家觀念深入基層社會,性別偏見存在于宗教活動與歷史書寫之中。祠廟題記撰寫者多為男性,即使是粗通文字的村民也知道并且踐行不書女性名諱的原則,女性的廟事活動信息大多被屏蔽。另一方面,不僅女性參與廟事不是罕見的現象,而且她們的活動也得到家庭與地方社會的普遍認可。宋元之際,祠廟祭祀不僅可以整合不同階層與族群的個體和家庭,廟事還成為平民家族爭取在地方社會影響力的家事,女性在廟事中扮演的角色因此被認可。晉豫之交的二仙信仰顯示,女性積極利用其親屬關系、財產支配權、社會網絡,在歷史書寫的地方化、平民化轉型中發聲,這一研究有助于加深我們對中國宗教、宗族組織發展的多元性、歷史性的認識。

In the Tang and Song Dynasties,as the writing of temple inscriptions was taken up by ordinary people,a change occurred in images of women at home and at the temple.On the one hand,the Confucian idea that women stayed home while men worked outside had penetrated into grassroots society and was reflected in the gender bias of religious activities and historical writings.Temple inscriptions were mostly written by men,and even half-literate villagers knew that women’s names were taboo in inscriptions,thus obliterating the information on women’s participation in temple activities.On the other hand,not only was it not uncommon for womento participate in temple activities,but their participation was generally acknowledged by their families and local communities.In the late Song and early Yuan,temple observances not only integrated individuals and families from different classes and ethnic groups,but also became a domestic matter through which ordinary families could fight for influence in local society.This permitted the role of women in temple matters to be recognized.Er Xian worship on the ShanxiHenan border areas shows that women actively used their kinship relations,control of finances,and social networks to gain a voice in the localization and popularization of historical writing.This research helps deepen our understanding of the diversity and historicity of Chinese religion and clan development.