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題名：國小六年級學童負向情緒性、負向情緒調節策略與內向性問題行為之研究
作者：李佳儒
作者(外文)：Li jia ru
校院名稱：國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱：輔導與諮商學系所
指導教授：王智弘
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2013
主題關鍵詞：負向情緒性；負向情緒調節策略；內向性問題行為；negative emotionality；emotion regulation strategies；internalizing problem behavior
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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摘要
本研究旨在探討國小六年級學生內向性問題行為之現況，對學童負向情緒性、負向情緒調節策略與內向性問題行為的理論模式加以驗證。本研究採問卷調查法，以中部地區的國小學生為研究對象，透過分層隨機抽樣方法，選取18所國民小學進行資料收集，共得954名六年級國小學童有效樣本資料 (男生有487位，女生有467位，年齡介於11-13間)。研究工具包括：「兒童與青少年優勢與困難行為量表」、「情感強度量表簡版」、「憤怒感受強度量表」、「兒童與青少年負向情緒調節策略量表修訂版」。資料分析則以描述統計、獨立樣本t考驗、皮爾森相關分析、單因子多變量變異數分析、區別分析及結構方程模式，進行實徵資料分析，結果如下:
一、學童於恐懼情緒性、內向性問題行為和負向情緒調節策略上呈現性別差異。
女生較男生，有較高的恐懼情緒性和內向性問題行為；並較傾向採用情緒口語表達策略、情緒澄清策略和情緒抑制策略，較少採用情緒宣洩策略。
二、各情緒性、情緒調節策略和內向性問題行為的結構模式都呈顯性別差異。進一步考驗和比較發現，女生組之恐懼情緒性與內向性問題行為的關聯較男生組高；口語表達調節策略與內向性問題行為的關聯較男生組高；情緒宣洩調節策略與內向性問題行為的關聯較男生組低。
三、在各恐懼情緒性模式裡，情緒宣洩策略對恐懼情緒性在男生內向性問題行為效應具強化的調節效果；情緒接受策略對恐懼情緒性在男生內向性問題行為效應具緩衝的調節效果；口語表達情緒調節策略對恐懼情緒性在女生內向性問題行為效應具強化的調節效果。
四、在各憤怒情緒性模式裡，口語表達策略對憤怒情緒性在女生內向性問題行為效應具強化的調節效果；而情緒澄清、情緒接受策略對憤怒情緒性在男生內向性問題行為效應具強化的調節效果。
本研究根據研究發現，提出對諮商實務應用及後續研究之建議。
Abstract
This study seeks to investigate the association between negative emotionality, negative emotion regulation strategies, and internalizing problem behavior of students. The instruments used to measure anger emotionality and negative emotion regulation strategies were a revised negative emotion strategies scale and a newly developed anger emotionality scale. Negative emotion regulation strategies were hypothesized to moderate the association of fear and anger emotionality in terms of internalizing problem behavior. Gender differences were also examined in this study.
954 sixth grade students (487 boys, 467 girls, 11-13 years old) were recruited to participate in this study by cluster random sampling method from 18 elementary schools. Subject completed the affect intensity measure, the anger intensity measure, the negative emotion regulation strategies measure for children and adolescents and the strengths and difficulties questionnaire.The empirical data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson Product-moment Correlation, one way MANOVA, Discriminant Analysis , and Structural Equation Model. The findings of this study are as follows:
1. Based on the analysis results from one way MANOVA and Discriminant Analysis, it was discovered that girls tend to employ a different regulation pattern from boys. Girls had a tendency to clarify and express negative emotions, where boys had a tendency to vent their negative emotions. In addition, girls were more likely to endorse fear emotionality and internalizing symptoms shown from the analysis results from independent t-test.
2. Gender differences were found from SEM analysis. First of all, the associations between fear negative emotionality and internalizing problem behavior, anger-frustration emotionality, and internalizing problem behavior were significantly stronger in girls than in boys. Then, the association between emotion expression strategy and internalizing problem behavior was significantly stronger in girls than in boys. Finally, the association between emotion venting strategy and internalizing problem behavior was significantly stronger in boys than in girls.
3. Significant moderator effects among fear emotionality, negative emotion regulation strategy and internalizing problem behavior were found from SEM analysis in both gender groups. First, fear emotionality is significantly positively associated with internalizing problem behavior in both gender groups. Second, the association between fear negative emotionality and internalizing problem behavior was stronger as venting strategy increased in boys. Third, the association between fear negative emotionality and internalizing problem behavior was weaker as emotion acceptance strategy increased in boys. Forth, the association between fear negative emotionality and internalizing problem behavior was stronger as emotion expression strategy increased in girls. Fifth,
emotion clarification, emotion expression and emotion transfer were significantly negatively associated with internalizing problem behavior in boys. Last but not least, emotion clarification, emotion expression, emotion inhibition, emotion transfer and emotion acceptance were significantly negatively associated with internalizing problem behavior in girls.
4. Significant moderator effects among anger negative emotionality, emotion regulation strategy and internalizing problem behavior were also found from SEM analysis. First, emotion expression strategy was significantly negatively associated with internalizing problem behavior in both gender groups. Second, the association between anger emotionality and internalizing problem behavior was stronger as emotion acceptance strategy increased in boys. Third, the association between anger negative emotionality and internalizing problem behavior was stronger as emotion clarification strategy increased in boys. Fourth, the association between anger negative emotionality and internalizing problem behavior was stronger as emotion expression strategy increased in girls. Last, emotion venting and emotion transfer strategy were significantly negatively associated with internalizing problem behavior in girls.
Findings highlight the importance of considering gender and individual differences in terms of emotion regulation strategies when evaluating the contribution of negative emotionality towards internalizing problem behavior.
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