The primary purpose of this study was to examine the advantageous situations as well as difficulties confronting knowledge management in Taiwan’s elementary schools, and the strategies for implementing it. To this end, successful strategies associated with knowledge management in our elementary schools were analyzed. Based on a literature review and survey, the following conclusions were drawn. First, if schools want to implement knowledge management, it will be most advantageous for them to emphasize teachers’ professional development and develop and school information infrastructure. Second, for schools that want to implement knowledge management, the main difficulties facing are the lack of an incentive for knowledge sharing and the difficulty of constructing a feasible knowledge management system. Third, enhancing teachers’ professional expertise is one of the main strategies for implementing knowledge management in elementary schools. Fourth, knowledge management implementation strategies for elementary schools should include four dimensions: human resources, an information or technological infrastructure, a mechanism for knowledge sharing, and an institutional regulatory system. According to these conclusions, suggestions for educational administration agencies as well as elementary schools were also proposed.