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題名:製造業品質管理制度、品質文化與品質管理績效相關之研究
作者:蔡文豐
作者(外文):wen-feng tsai
校院名稱:國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱:工業教育學系
指導教授:張火燦
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2002
主題關鍵詞:品質管理制度品質文化品質管理績效製造業quality management systemquality culturequality management performancemanufacturing Industries
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一九八Ο年代品質管理逐漸受到全球的重視。然而有些組織雖執行了品質管理制度,並未提昇其品質管理績效。一些研究指出品質文化是否深植於組織中各成員,與品質管理是否有效至為密切,卻甚少有定量研究加以驗證。本研究具體之目的有:(1)探討品質管理制度之影響因素;(2)探討品質文化之影響因素;(3)探討品質管理制度、品質文化與品質管理績效之關係;(4)探討品質管理制度、品質文化、及兩者之交互作用對品質管理績效之影響。
為達成研究目的,本研究採用問卷調查研究法。設計品質管理制度、品質文化與品質管理績效之量表,以台灣地區製造業五百大為群體進行抽樣調查。所得問卷資料,首先以SPSS之區別分析檢測品質管理制度各構面,對不同組織變項是否有區別作用;以SPSS之典型相關分析檢測環境變項與品質管理制度各構面之相關情形。檢測品質文化各構面,對不同組織變項是否有區別作用;檢測環境變項與品質文化各構面之相關情形。接著以LISREL之徑路分析檢測品質管理制度與品質文化各構面對品質管理績效各構面之影響路徑與模式之適配度。最後以SPSS階層迴歸分析檢測在環境變項控制之下,品質管理制度與品質文化對品質管理績效各構面之主要與交互作用影響。
研究結果顯示,在品質文化對組織變項的分組情形方面,員工人數中等的公司,比較注重人本假設;員工人數最多的公司,比較注重品質理念與行事準則。製造業的競爭環境比較和緩、顧客需求比較不重視品質、及政策法令比較無品質標準要求,則組織的品質管理制度與品質文化兩者皆比較不理想。
以品質文化為中介變項,所得模式之配適度較以品質文化為干擾變項之模式接近理想,可予接受。品質管理制度中的品質規劃與改善行動,顯著地影響品質文化中的人本假設、品質理念、及行事準則;人本假設與品質理念再顯著地影響品質管理績效中的人員績效,而行事準則則顯著地影響結果績效與品質管理總績效。影響人員績效與結果績效的變項中,最重要的皆為品質管理制度,其次是品質文化,最後是這兩者的交互作用。品質管理制度必須透過品質文化的培植運作,才能顯現品質管理績效出來。本研究之結果與發現可作為製造業品質管理與學術研究建構品質管理模式之參考。
People attached gradually importance to quality management since the 1980s. Some organizations realized their quality management but couldn’t improve quality management performance. Some studies advocated to create quality culture was important for effective quality management but few quantitative studies verified it. The purposes of this study include: 1.explore the effective factors of quality management system and quality culture; 2.explore the cause-effect relations among quality manage- ment system, quality culture and quality management per- formance; 3.explore the effects of quality management system, quality culture, and their interactive effects on quality management performance.
For achieving these purposes, three questionnaires were developed, and surveyed the top five hundred manufacturers in Taiwan area. Data is analyzed with SPSS discriminant analysis to discriminant the organizational variables by quality management system, and canonical correlation analysis to analyze the relationship between environmental variables and quality management system; to discriminant the organizational variables by quality culture, and to analyze the relationship between environ- mental variables and quality culture. Using LISREL path analysis to analyze paths among quality management system, quality culture, and quality management performance and the fitness of models, and SPSS hierar- chical regression analysis to analyze the main and interactive effects of quality management system and quality culture on quality management performance.
The results of this study revealed that the companies with middle number of employees attach importance to ‘humanity assumptions’; the companies with the most number of employees attach importance to ‘quality concepts’ and ‘behavior criteria’. The companies are not good at both quality management system and quality culture when their competitive environment is mild, customer’s requirement are easy to quality, and the government’s decrees are free.
The fitness of model is good when quality culture as the intermediary variable. ‘quality planning’ and ‘improve- ment action’ influence significant ‘humanity assumptions’, ‘quality concepts’, and ‘behavior criteria’; ‘humanity assumptions’ and ‘quality concepts’ influence significant ‘people performance’; ‘behavior criteria’ influence signi- ficant ‘result performance’ and ‘total quality performance’. The most important influence factor of quality management performance is quality management system, the second is quality culture and the last is the interaction between quality management system and quality culture.
To achieve good quality management performance must have good quality management system and go through the quality culture. The results of this study could be help- ful to the quality management practices and the constru- ction of quality management model in disciplinary study.
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