近二十年來，臺灣為了暢通國民中學的升學管道，減輕升學壓 力，引導國民教育正常化，曾提出多項教育政策。其中，從實施九年 國民義務教育，到最近的十二年國民基本教育，基本上都是希望以延 長國民教育年限，來導正教學正常化等措施。本文旨從1990 年實施 的「國中畢業生自願就學輔導方案」（簡稱國中自願就學方案），來 檢視未來十二年國民基本教育推動中所可能遭遇之問題。本文首先闡 述及檢討自學方案之實施過程、成效與引發之爭議；其次，探討十二 年國教之歷史發展與目前之主要政策。第三，比較兩項政策之異同與 爭議，包括兩者都試圖以「免試升學」來引導國中教學的正常化。但 兩項政策實施的規模、配套措施及教育資源與國中在校成績採計等方 面都相去甚遠。且十二年國教面臨比當年更艱難的社會環境之嚴苛挑 戰，而自學方案可提供許多當年實施過程之經驗，作為日後推動之參 考。

The extension of school years has been one of the major educational reform motives of Taiwan to reduce the pressure from entrance examinations over the last two decades. This paper is discussing how the “National Twelve-year Basic Education System” can learn from the lesson of the “Self-Voluntary Learning Program” or “Middle School Voluntary Access to Experimental Program” (MSVAEP) executed in 1990-2003. Firstly, the study examines the policy origin, development and outcomes of the MSVAEP in the 1990s. Secondly, the authors discuss the historical development of the TBEP since 1983 and how it will be implemented throughout the country in 2014. The paper will further compare these two important education reform policies and pinpoint how the current TBEP policy should take MSVAEP for reference. Recommendations and suggestions are included for policy making.