中文部分
王保進(1999)。視窗版SPSS與行為科學研究。台北:心理。
朱湘吉(2003)。超個人心理治療初探。社會科學學報(空大),11,1-27。吳寧遠 (1998a)。後現代社會中的後現代宗教。宗教哲學,15,9-24。吳寧遠 (1998b)。現代宗教世俗化之省思。宗教哲學,16,20-43。吳慧珠(1996)。台灣南部傳統大學生與成人學生認知與道德發展之比較。國立高雄師範大學成人教育研究所碩士論文。(未出版)吳靜吉(2003)。多元智慧(能)的架構。教育研究月刊,110,41-47。杜明勳(2003)。談靈性。護理雜誌,50(1),81-85。林文瑛(2000)。青少年價值觀的形成與發展。中等教育,51:6,111-123。
林生傳(1994)。教育社會學。高雄:復文。
林佳蓉(1995)。莊子靈性哲學之結構。華夏學報,29,11859-11874 。
林美蓉(1993)。二專學生行為困擾與認知發展和自我發展。教育研究,30,67-72。林蔚芳(1989)。大學生認知發展階段與生涯確定程度。諮商與輔導,46,6-8。
邱文彬(2000)。後形式思考信念發展之性別差異初探。師大學報,45(1), 61-82。邱文彬(2002)。大學生後形式思考之年級與性別差異的驗證性研究。教育心理學報,33(2),41-55。邱皓政(2000)。量化研究與統計分析:SPSS中文視窗版資料分析範例解析。台北:五南。
邱皓政(2005a)。量化研究法(一):研究設計與資料處理。台北:雙葉。
邱皓政(2005b)。量化研究法(二):統計原理與分析技術。台北:雙葉。
唐一寧(1997)。地球與生命的演化--探討地球環境的變化與生命演化的關係。牛頓雜誌,15(1),104-115。
張雪梅(1996)。學生發展—學生事務工作的理論與實踐。台北:張老師文化。
張雪梅(1999)。大學教育對學生的衝擊—我國大學生校園經驗與學習成果的實證研究。台北:張老師文化。
教育部(2005)。全國大專校院統一劃分十八大類的學科領域。取自http://www.edu.tw/EDU_WEB/EDU_MGT/STATISTICS/EDU7220001/data/bcode/index.php?TYPE=1&UNITID=94&CATEGORYID=0&FILEID=140253
教育部訓育委員會(2004)。高等教育學生事務工作發展願景目標與策略規劃報告。台北:教育部訓育委員會。
習賢德(2004)。北平輔仁大學札記。台北:輔仁大學。
郭文般(2002)。宗教現象解析-全球化理論的觀點。現代化研究,30,11-19。
郭維夏、趙威(1990)。天主教大專院校學校氣氛與環境探微。台北:輔仁大學。
陳方中(主編)(2004)。義和團運動與中國基督宗教。台北:輔仁大學。
陳家倫(2004)。自我宗教的興起:以新時代靈性觀為例。世界宗教學刊,3,137-170。彭森明(2005)。大三新生問卷。台北:台灣師範大學高等教育研究中心。
黃玉(1996)。大學學生事務的角色與功能。公民訓育學報,5,167-192。黃玉(2000)。大學學生事務的理論基礎-台灣大學生心理社會發展之研究。公民訓育學報,9,161-200。黃玉(2001)。大學學生事務的理論與應用。載於林至善主編:學生事務與社團輔導(頁35-80),台北:東吳大學。
黃玉(2002)。大學生發展理論與應用再探。載於林至善主編:學生事務與社團輔導第二輯(頁4-28),台北:東吳大學。
黃玉(2003a)。從環境中增進學生事務功能──論學校環境與學生發展。載於林至善(主編),學生事務與社團輔導第三輯(頁2-37)。台北:東吳大學。
黃玉(2003b)。她們是如何成長的?多元背景女大學生的校園經驗與心理社會發展歷程之研究。載於東吳大學課外活動組主辦之「自強隧道論壇──學生事務與社團輔導」學術研討會論文集(頁2-23),台北。
黃玉(2003c)。E世代多元背景大學生校園經驗與心理社會、認知發展歷程之縱貫研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告(編號﹕NSC 91-2413-H-003-015),未出版。
黃玉(2004a)。高等教育學生事務工作實施準則與自我評量指引之研究。教育部訓育委員會專題研究成果報告,未出版。
黃玉(2004b,5月)。e世代多元背景大一學生校園經驗與心理社會、認知發展歷程之研究(一)。論文發表於國際跨文化研究學會(International Academy for Intercultural Research, IAIR)與台灣師範大學主辦之「第三屆國際跨文化研究會議」,台北。
黃玉(2004c)。E世代多元背景大學生校園經驗與心理社會、認知發展歷程之縱貫研究(二)。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告(編號﹕NSC 92-2413-H-003-008),未出版。
黃玉(2005)。大學學生事務的理論與應用。載於陳伯璋、蓋浙生主編:新世紀高等教育政策與行政(頁395-470)。台北:高等教育。
黃玉(2006,5月)。從懵懂入門到多元探索:多元背景大學生大一到大二的校園與發展經驗。論文發表於台灣師範大學主辦之「2006年台灣高等教育與學生事務國際學術研討會」,台北。
黃耀卿(1979)。認知發展論的比較。教育文粹,8,24-27。
楊深耕(2004)。從心理學的角度探討成人的靈性智能。成人及終身教育學刊,2 ,98-122 。輔大大學入門課程委員會(1990)。大學入門-開創成功的大學生涯。台北:輔仁大學。
劉若蘭(2005)。大專原住民族與漢族學生成功學習模式之建構與驗證-以北部某多元族群技術學院為例。國立台灣師範大學公民教育與活動領導研究所博士論文。(未出版)黎建球(主編)(2004)。輔仁大學簡介。台北:輔仁大學。
蕭雅竹(2002)。靈性概念之認識與應用。長庚護理,13(4),345-351。龍應台(2006.6.27)。今天這一課:品格。中國時報,A7版。
羅四維(1988)。輔仁大學法學院學生意見之調查-學業層面。輔仁學誌:法管理學院之部,20,343-365。
西文部分
ACPA & NASPA (1997). Principles of good practice for student affairs. Washington, DC: ACPA & NASPA.
ACPA & NASPA (2004) Learning reconsidered: A campus-wide focus on the student experience. Washington, DC: ACPA & NASPA.
ACPA. (1996). The student learning imperative: Implications for student affairs. Washington, DC: ACPA.
Armstrong, T. (1997)。經營多元智慧(Multiple intelligences in the classrooms)。李平(譯)。台北:遠流。
Astin, A. (1993c). What matters in college? Four critical years revisited. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Baxter Magolda, M. B. (1990). Gender differences in epistemological development. Journal of College Student Development. 31(6), 555-561.
Baxter Magolda, M. B. (1992). Knowing and reasoning in college: Gender-related patterns in students’ intellectual development. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Baxter Magolda, M. B., King, P. M., (1996). A developmental perspective on learning. Journal of College Student Development. 37(2), 599-609.
Belenky, M. F., Clinchy, B. M., Goldberger, N. R., & Tarule, J. M. (1986). Women’s ways of knowing: The development of self, voice, and mind. New York: Basic Books.
Bohr L., Pascarella, E., Nora, A., & Terenzini, P. (1995). Do black students learn more at historically black or predominantly white colleges? Journal of College Student Development, 36, 75-85.
Bohr, L., Pascarella, E., Nora, A., Zusman, B., Jacobs, M., Desler, M., et al. (1994). Cognitive effects of 2-year and 4-year colleges? A preliminary study. Community College Review, 22, 4-11.
Bowen, H.(1997). Investment in learning: The individual and social value of American higher education. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Bryant, A. N., Choi, J. Y., & Yasuno, M. (2003). Understanding the religious and spiritual dimensions of students’ lives in the first year of college. Journal of College Student Development, 44(6), 723-745.
Buczynski, P. L., (1991).The Relationship between identity and cognitive development in college freshmen: A structural equation modeling analysis. Journal of College Student Development. 32(3), 212-222.
Campbell, L., Campbell, B., & Dickinson, D.(1998)。經營多元智慧的教與學(Theory of multiple intelligences)。郭俊賢、陳淑惠(譯)。台北:遠流。
Chandler, C. K., Miner Holden, J., & Kolander, C. A. (1992). Counseling for spiritual wellness: Theory and practice. Journal of Counseling and Development, 71(2), 168-175.
Chavez A. F. (2001). Spirit and nature in everyday life: Reflections of a mestiza in higher education. In Jablonski, M A. (Ed.), The Implications of student spirituality for student affairs practice (New directions for student services No. 95). (pp.69-80). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Clark, R. T. (2001).The law and spirituality: How the law supports and limits expression of spirituality on the college campus. In Jablonski, M A. (Ed.), The implications of student spirituality for student affairs practice (New directions for student services No. 95). (pp.37-46). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Collins, J. R., Hurst, J. C., & Jacobsen, J. K. (1987). The blind spot extended: Spirituality. Journal of College Student Personnel, 28(3), 274-76.
Cook, S. W.(2000). College students’ perceptions of spiritual people and religious people. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 28, 125-138.
Cote, J. E., Levine, C. G. (2002). Attitude versus aptitude: Is intelligence or motivation more important for positive high-educational outcomes? Journal of Adolescent Research. 15(1), 58-80.
Council for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education(2003).The book of professional standards for higher education 2003(3rd ed. major revision). Washington, DC: Council for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education..
Creamer D. G., & Associates. (1990). College student development: Theory and practice for the 1990s. Alexandria, VA: ACPA.
D’Augelli, A. R. (1994). Identity development and sexual orientation: Toward a model of lesbian, gay, and bisexual development. In E. J. Trickett, R. J. Watts, & D. Birman (Eds.), Human diversity: Perspectives on people in context (pp. 312-333). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Dalton, J. C. (2001).Career and Calling: Finding a Place for the Spirit in Work and Community. In Jablonski, M A. (Ed.), The implications of student spirituality for student affairs pPractice (New directions for student services No. 95). (pp.17-26). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
DeSousa, D., & Kuh, G. (1996). Does institutional racial composition make a difference in what black students gain from college? Journal of College Student Development, 37,257-267.
Dickson, G. L., Sorochty, R. W., & Thayer, J. D. (1998). Theory to practice: Creating a student development curriculum using the developmental advising inventory. NASPA Journal, 35(2), 119-136.
Dudeck, J. M. (2004). The influence of spirituality on the career development of college seniors: An examination of work values. College Student Affairs Journal, 23( 2), 185-197.
Durham, R. L., Hays, J., Martinez, R., (1994). Socio-cognitive development among Chicano and Anglo American college students. Journal of College Student Development. 35(3), 178-182.
Erwin, T. D. (1981). Manual for the scale of intellectual development developmental analysis. Harrisonburg, Virginia.
Erwin, T. D. (1983). The scale of intellectual development: Measuring Perry’s scheme. Journal of College Student Personnel, 24(1), 6-12.
Erwin, T. D. (2003). Revising the scale of intellectual development: application of an unfolding model. Journal of College Student Personnel, 44(2), 168-184.
Erwin, T. D., & Kilgannon, S. M. (1992). A longitudinal study about the identity and moral development of Greek students. Journal of College Student Development, 33(3), 253-259.
Evans, N. J. (2003). Psychosocial, cognitive, and typological perspectives on student development. In Komives, S. R., Woodard, D. B., & Associates(Eds.), Student service: The handbook of the profession (4th ed). (pp.179-202). San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
Evans, N. J., Forney, D. S., & Guido-DiBrito, F. (1998). Student development in college: Theory, research, and practice. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Eyler J. (2002). Reflection: Linking service and learning-Linking students and communities. The Journal of Social Issues. 58(3), 517-34.
Facione, N. (1997). Critical thinking assessment in nursing education programs: an aggregate data analysis. Millbrae, CA: California Academic Press.
Flowers, L. (2002). The impact of college racial composition on African-American students’ academic and social gains: Additional evidence. Journal of College Student Developme. 43, 403-410.
Flowers, L., & Pascarella, E. (1999). Cognitive effects of college racial composition on African-American students after three years of college. Journal of College Student Development. 40, 669-677.
Fowler, J. W. (1978). Life maps: Conversations on the journey of faith. Waco, TX: Word Books.
Fowler, J. W. (1981). Stages of faith : The psychology of human development and the quest for meaning. San Francisco: Harper & Row.
Fowler, J. W. (1996). Faithful change: The personal and public challenges of postmodern life. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press.
Fowler, J. W., & Browning, D. S. (Eds.). (1987). Faith development and pastoral care (Theology and pastoral care). San Francisco: Fortress Press.
Franklin, M. (1993). The effects of differential college environments on academic learning and student perceptions of cognitive development. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln.
Gadzella, B., & Masten, W. (1998). Critical thinking and learning processes for students in two major fields. Journal of Instructional Psychology. 25, 256-261.
Gardner, F. H.& Hatch, T. (1989). Multiple intelligences go to school. Educational Researcher,18(8), 6.
Gilligan, C. (1993). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women’s development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Original work published 1982)
Granello, D. H.(2002). Assessing the cognitive development of counseling students; changes in epistemological assumptions. Counselor Education and Supervision. 41(4), 279.
Gunn, C. (1993). Assessing critical thinking: Development of a constructed response sheet. Dissertation Abstracts International. 54, 2267B.
Hagedorn, L., Pascarella, E., Edison, M., Braxton, J., Nora, A., and Terenzini, P. (1999). Institutional contezxt and the development of critical thinking: A research note. Review of Higher Education. 22,247-263.
Hartley III, H. V. (2004). How college affects students' religious faith and practice: A review of research. College Student Affairs Journal, 23( 2), 111- 130.
Hellwig, M. K. (2000). The catholic intellectual tradition in the catholic university. In Cernera, A. J., & Morgan, O. J. (Eds.), Examining the catholic intellectual tradition. (pp. 1-18). Faifield, Cannecticut: Sacred Heart University Press.
Helminiak, D. A. (1987). Spiritual development: An interdisciplinary study. Chicago: Loyola University Press.
Helminiak, D. A. (1996). The human core of spirituality: Mind as psyche and spirit. Albany:SUNY Press.
Hofer, B. K., & Pintrich, P. R. (1997). The development of epistemological theories: Beliefs about knowledge and knowing and their relation to learning. Review of Educational Research. 67(1), 88-141.
Holmes, S. L., Roedder, B. S., & Flowers, L. A. (2004). Applying student development theory to college students' spiritual beliefs. College Student Affairs Journal. 23(2), 130-146.
Hu, S., & Kuh, G. (2003). Maximizing what students get out of college: Testing a learning productivity model. Journal of College Student Development. 44, 185-203.
Inman, P., & Pascarella, E. (1998). The impact of college residence on the development of critical thinking skills in college freshmen. Journal of College Student Development. 39, 557-568.
Inman, P., Pascarella, E. T., (1998). The impact of college residence on the development of critical thinking skills in college freshmen. Journal of College Student Development. 39(6), 557-568.
Ishiyama, J.(2002). Does early participation in undergraduate research benefit social science and humanities students? College Student Journal. 36, 380-386.
Karemera D., Reuben L. J., Sillah M. R. (2003). The effects of academic environment and background characteristics on student satisfaction and performance: The case of South Carolina State University’s School of Business. College Student Journal. 37(2), 298.
Keeley, S. (1992). Are college students learning the critical thinking skill of finding assumptions? College Student Journal. 26, 316-322.
Kegan, R. (1994). In over our heads: The mental demands of modern life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Kidwell, B., Turrisi, R., (2000). A cognitive analysis of credit card acquisition and college student financial development. Journal of College Student Development. 41(6), 589-598.
Kim, M. (1995). Organizational effectiveness of women-only colleges: The impact of college environment on students’ intellectual and ethical development. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
Kim, M. (2002). Cultivating intellectual development: Comparing women-only colleges and coeducational colleges for educational effectiveness. Research in Higher Education. 43, 447-481.
King, P. M. (1990). Assessing development from a cognitive-developmental prespective. In D. G. Creamer, & Associates. (Eds.), College Student Development (pp. 81-98). Washington, DC: ACPA.
King, P. M., & Kitchener, K. S. (1994). Developing reflective judgment: Understanding and promoting intellectual growth and critical thinking in adolescents and adults. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
King, P. M., Baxter Magolda, M. B., (1999). A Developmental Perspective on Learning. Journal of College Student Development. 40(5), 599-609.
Knefelkamp, L. L. (1974). Developmental instruction: Fostering intellectual and personal growth in college students. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Kohlberg, L. (1976). Stages of moral developmental as a basis for moral education. In Munsey, B.(Ed), Moral development, moral education, and Kohlberg. (pp.15-100). Birmingham, Alabama: Religious Education Press.
Komives, S. R., Woodard Jr., D. B. & Associates. (1996). Student services. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Komives, S. R., Woodard Jr., D. B. & Associates. (2003). Student services (4th ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Kuh, G. (1993). In their own words: what students learn outside the classroom. American Educational Research Journal. 30, 277-304.
Kuh, G. D., Schuh, J. H., Whitt, E. J. & Associates. (1991). Involving colleges. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Lamont, F., Osterlind S. J., Pasdarella E., & Pierson, C. T., (2001). How much do students learn in college? Cross-sectional estimates using the college base. The Journal of Higher Education. 72(5), 565-583.
Lee, J. J. (2002a). Changing worlds, changing selves: The experience of the religious self among catholic collegians’ students. Journal of College Student Development, 43(3), 341-356.
Lee, J. J. (2002b). Religion and college attendance: Change among students. Review of Higher Education, 25, 369-384.
Liao, Y.-K., & Bright, G. (1991). Effects of computer-assisted instruction and computer programming on cognitive outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 23, 141-156.
Love, P. & Talbot, D. (1999). Defining spiritual development: A missing consideration for student affairs. NASPA Journal, 37(1), 361-375.
Love, P. G. (2002). Spiritual development and cognitive development: Theoretical comparisons. Journal of College Student Development, 43(3), 357-373.
Love, P. G.(2001) Spirituality and student development: Theoretical connections. In Jablonski, M A. (Ed.), The implications of student spirituality for sStudent affairs practice (New directions for student services No. 95). (pp.7-16). San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
Love, P. G., & Guthrie, V. L. (1999). Understanding and applying cognitive development theory (New Directions for Student Services No. 88). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Love, P. G., (2002). Comparing spiritual development and cognitive development. Journal of College Student Development. 43(3), 357-375.
Love, P. G., Bock, M., Jannarone, A., & Richardson, P. (2005). Identity interaction: exploring the spiritual experiences of lesbian and gay college students. Journal of College Student Development, 46(2), 193-209.
Love, P., & Talbot, D. (1999). Defining spiritual development: A missing consideration for student affairs. NASPA Journal,37(1), 361-376.
Macquarrie, J. (1992) 。二十世紀宗教思潮 (Twentieth-century religious thought) 。何光滬、高師寧(譯)。台北:桂冠。
Manning, K. (2001). Infusing soul into student affairs: Organizational theory and models. In Jablonski, M A. (Ed.), The implications of student spirituality for student affairs practice (New directions for student services No. 95). (pp.27-36). San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
Mattunen, M. (1997). Electronic mail as a pedagogical delivery system: An analysis of the learning of argumentation. Research in Higher Education. 38, 345-363.
Mayhew, M. J. (2004). Exploring the essence of spirituality: A phenomenological study of eight students with eight different worldviews. NASPA Journal, 41(3), 647-674.
McCluskey-Titus I., & Oliver, R. (2001) The relationship between community development and academic achievement of undergraduate students in residence halls. College Student Affairs Journal. 20(2), 12-21.
McDonough, M. (1997). An assessment of critical thinking at the community college level. Dissertation Abstract International. 58, 2561A.
McEwen, M. K. (2003). The nature and uses of theory. In S. R. Komives, D. B. Woodard Jr., & Associates. (Eds.), Student services: A handbook for the profession (4th ed., pp. 153-178). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Money, S. (1997). The relationship between critical thinking scores, achievement scores, and grade point average in three different disciplines. Dissertation Abstract International. 58, 3401A.
Moore, W. S. (1989). The learning environment preferences: Exploring the construct validity of an objective measure of the Perry scheme of intellectual development. Journal of College Student Development, 30, 504-515.
Moran, C. D. & Curtis, G. D. (2004). Blending two worlds: Religio-spirituality in the professional lives of student affairs administrators. NASPA Journal, 41(3), 631-646.
Moran, C. D. (2001). Purpose in life, student development, and well-being: Recommendations for student affairs practitioners. NASPA Journal, 38(3), 269-279.
Mulqueen, J., & Elias , J. L. (2000). Understanding spiritual development through cognitive development. Journal of Pastoral Counseling, 35 , 99-113.
Myers, J. E., & Truluck, M. (1998). Health beliefs, religious values, and the counseling process. Counseling and Values, 42, 106-123.
Myers. J. E., & Williard. K. (2003). Integrating spirituality into councelor preparation: A developmental, wellness approach. Counseling and Values, 47( 2), 142-156.
NASPA. (1989). The point of view. Washington, DC: NASPA.
Newman, L. L. (2004). Faith, spirituality, and religion: A model for understanding the differences. College Student Affairs Journal, 23(2), 102-111.
Pace, C. (1998). CSEQ: Test manual & norms. University of California, Los Angeles: Center for the study of evaluation.
Palmer, P. (1992). Leading from within: Reflections on leadership and spirituality. Washington, DC: Servant Leadership Press.
Parks, S. D. (1986). The critical years: Young adults and the search for meaning, faith, and commitment. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Parks, S. D. (2000). Big questions, worthy dreams : Mentoring young adults in their search for meaning, purpose, and faith. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (1991). How college affects students: Findings and insights from twenty years of research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Pascarella, E. T., Blimling, G. S., & Terenzini, P. T., (1996). Students out of class experiences and their influence on learning and cognitive development: A literature review. Journal of College Student Development. 37(2), 149-162.
Pascarella, E. T., Edison, M. I.,& Nora, A. (1998) Does work inhibit cognitive development during college? Educational Evaluation & Policy Analysis. 20(2), 75.
Pascarella, E. T., Flowers, L., & Whitt, E. J. (2001). Cognitive effects of Greek affiliation in college: Additional evidence. NASPA Journal, 38(3), 280-301.
Pascarella, E., Bohr, L., Nora, A., & Terenzini, P. (1995a). Cognitive effects of two-year and four-year colleges: New evidence. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis. 17, 83-96.
Pascarella, E., Edison, M., Nora, A., Hagedorn, L., & Braxton, J. (1996). Effects of teacher organization/preparation and teach skill/clarity on general cognitive skills in college. Journal of College Student Development. 37, 7-19.
Pascarella, E., Flowers, L., & Whitt, E. (1999). Cognitive effects of Greek affiliation in college: Additional evidence. Unpublished manuscript, University of Iowa, Iowa City.
Pascarella, E., Terenzini P. (2005). How college affects students?: A third decade of research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Pearson, F. C., & Rodgers, R. F. (1998). Cognitive and identity development: Gender effects. Initiatives. 58(3), 17.
Perry, W. G., Jr. (1968). Forms of intellectual and ethical development in the college years: A scheme. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Qin, Z., Johnson, D., & Johnson, R. (1995). Cooperative versus competitive efforts and problem solving. Review of Educational Research. 65, 129-143.
Quackenbos, S., Privette, G., & Klentz, B. (1985). Psychotherapy: Sacred or secular. Journal of Counseling and Development, 63, 290-293.
Rogers, L., & Dantley, M. E. (2001). Involing the spiritual in campus life and leadership. Journal of College Student Development, 42(6), 589-603.
Ross, C. E. (1990) Religion and psychological distress. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 29(2), 236-245.
Saidla, D. D., (1990). Roommates cognitive development, interpersonal understanding, and relationships rapport. Journal of College Student Development. 31(4), 300-306.
Schafer, W. E. (1997). Religiosity, spirituality, and personal distress among college students. Journal of College Student Development. 38(6), 633-644.
Schilling, K. (1991). Assessing models of liberal education: An empirical comparison. Washington, DC: Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 359 864)
Sebrell, K., & Erwin, T.(1998). Assessment of critical thinking: One performance method analyzed. Unpublished paper, Center for Assessment and Research Studies, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.
Smart, J. C., (1997). Academic subenvironments and differential Patterns of self-perceived growth during college: A test of Holland’s theory. Journal of College Student Development. 38(1), 68-78.
Spaulding, S., & Kleiner, K. (1992). The relationship of college and critical thinking: Are critical thinkers attracted or created by college disciplines? College Student Journal, 26, 162-166.
Stevens, J. (1996). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Strange, C. C. (2001). Spiritual dimensions of graduate preparation in student affairs. In Jablonski, M A. (Ed.), The implications of student spirituality for student Affairs Practice (New directions for student services No. 95). (pp.57-68). San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
Temkin, L. & Evans, N. J. (1998). Religion on campus: suggestions for cooperation between student affairs and campus-based religious organizations. NASPA Journal, 36(1), 61-69.
Terenzini, P. T., Blimling, G. S., Pascarella, E. T., (1999). Students’ out-of-class experiences and their influence on learning and cognitive development: A literature review. Journal of College Student Development. 40(5), 610-623.
Terenzini, P., Springer, L., Pascarella, E., & Nora, A. (1995a). Influences affecting the development of students’ critical thinking skills. Research in Higher Education. 36, 23-29.
Thompson, J. M. (1999). Enhancing cognitive development in college classrooms: a review. Journal of Instructional Psychology. 26(1), 56.
Tisdell, E. J. (2003). Exploring spirituality and culture in adult and higher education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Torres, V., (2003). Influences on ethnic identity development of Latino college students in the first two years of college. Journal of College Student Development. 44(4), 532-547.
Tsui, L. (1999). Courses and instruction affecting critical thinking. Research in Higher Education. 40, 185-200.
Widick, C. (1975). An evaluation of developmental instruction in the university setting. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Wilber, K. (1998) 。靈性復興-科學與宗教的整合道路 (The marriage of sense and soul) 。龔卓軍(譯)。台北:張老師文化。
Wright S. (1989). Selected correlates of intellectual development of college freshmen. Dissertation Abstracts International. 50, 3498A.
Wright, S. (1992). Fostering intellectual development of students in professional schools through interdisciplinary coursework. Innovative Higher Education. 16, 251-261.
Zhang, L.F. (2002). Thinking styles and cognitive development. The Journal of Genetic Psychology. 163(2), 179-195.
Zhang, L.F.(1999). A comparison of U.S. and Chinese university students’ cognitive development: The cross-cultural applicability of Perry’s Theory. The Journal of Psychology. 133(4), 425-429.
Zhang, L.F., Hood A. B.(1998). Cognitive development of students in China and the U. S. A.: opposite directions? Psychological Repots. 82(3), 1251.
Zhang, L.F., Watkins, D.(2001). Cognitive development and student approaches to learning: an investigation of Perry’s theory with Chinese and U. S. university students. Higher Education. 141(3), 239.
Zhang, Z., RiCharde, R. S. (1999). Intellectual and metacognitive development of male college students: A repeated measures approach. Journal of College Student Development. 40(6), 721-738.