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題名:大專青年學校到職場轉換的結構性脈絡:角色轉換的職涯發展觀點
作者:周志明
作者(外文):CHIH MING CHOU
校院名稱:輔仁大學
系所名稱:心理學系
指導教授:王思峯
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2014
主題關鍵詞:學職轉換角色轉換青年就業青年發展生涯發展School-to Work TransitionRole TransitionYouth EmploymentYouth DevelopmentCareer Development
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大專青年學校到職場轉換的結構性脈絡:角色轉換的職涯發展觀點
摘要
過去十數年間,隨著大專畢業青年失業率攀升,諸多政府與民間的調查結果,多指出僱佣者知覺到的青年勞動者之負向特性;然而,政府調查中卻顯示,具有一、二年以上工作經驗的大學畢業青年平均薪資,仍明顯高於同年齡層的工作者。換言之,大學畢業的職場新鮮人實際進到工作崗位後,是有被養成或有表現出工作所需的優點,但多數調查的焦點在指出僱佣者知覺到的青年勞動者負向特性,既未探究其被鑲嵌在變動社會打磨出來的特性,也少提及青年的正向特性。
只是過去多數生涯理論相關的研究,將學職轉換視為與其他轉換階段相互獨立的單一事件,然而,青年的學職轉換,並非獨自發生,而是和家庭等其他轉換的面向密切交互影響的過程,社會歷史脈絡或經濟條件所呈現出來的機會與限制(constraints),與能力、動機、熱忱等個人資源同等的重要(Schoon & Silbereisen, 2009)。因此,青年學職轉換的複雜現象,應如Blustein(1999)所建議,以質性研究等更貼近經驗現場的方式,同理的瞭解理論觀點和青年工作者之間的連結。
為了能夠從更具有社會脈絡性的角度,認識大專青年職涯發展的現象,本研究採取結構論的觀點,以期能夠更清晰的認識大專青年殊異的處境脈絡。方法上,透過個案研究法,結合敘事觀點,得以較貼近的勾勒出,大專青年鑲嵌在殊異的結構中,所遭遇到的學職轉換處境。研究資料需要能夠較完整的反映大專畢業青年不同屬性的科系脈絡,及較豐富的大學輔助養成或社會性學習的情境式經驗,故以「輔仁大學」「學」端的機構,透過方案介入的過程,收集個案資料,並建立個案文本,再以本研究觀點深入的逐層分析。
透過概化分析的發現,本研究提出「結構性角色觀點的學職轉換模式」,並主張:一、大專畢業青年透過前結構和新結構間的等價性啟動角色轉換,促進學職轉換的進行;二、家庭結構中的職業屬性相似性或差異性,影響大專畢業青年對未來的想像;三、學校子結構參與歷程與投入經驗,有助於大專畢業青年增加角色資本,並獲得工作相關的能耐,以及認識自己的生涯決策要素;四、大專畢業青年在前結構中建立的「角色資本」,會直接影響角色轉換,及其短期的學職轉換歷程,以及較長期的生涯發展與規劃;五、大專畢業青年在新結構中遭遇到角色衝突議題時,會影響其調適轉換歷程和學職轉換的結果;六、新結構中的工作支持,有助於促進大專畢業青年角色調適轉換的歷程;七、前後結構的等價性、新結構中的特性、角色資本會共同影響大專畢業青年的調適轉換歷程。
Structural Context of New Graduates in School to Work Transition: Vocational Development in Role Transition Perspective
Abstract
Decade years ago, following the unemployment rate of graduate youths increase, lots of surveys of government and civilian showed that employers’ perceptions on young labors are negative attributes. But some surveys from government indicated that average salaries of graduate youths, who possessing with work experience one to two years, are more than labors within the same ages. In other words, as graduate freshmen are on board, they are cultivated or perform the advantages, but most surveys focused on indicating employers’ perceptions on young labors are negative attributes. That is not only inquiring the attributes of youths, who are embedded in changing society, but also less mentioning the positive attributes.
More research about career theory took the school-to-work transition independent on other transition stages. But the school-to-work transition of youths not happened independent, it’s an interactional process between family and the other facets. The opportunities and constraints in historical context or economic condition are important as individual resources, e.g. abilities, motivations, or aspirations (Schoon & Silbereisen, 2009). So that, the complex phenomena, that school-to-work transition of youths, should be studied in qualitative research, as Blustein (1999) suggested. That will facilitate the understanding between theoretical perspectives and young workers, in the way, that closed to the experience field.
This research stands on the perspective of structuralism for realizing the phenomena of school-to-work transition of graduate youths in the social context point. I expected that the perspective can help for understanding the differentiation of graduate youths’ situation. Researcher designed the study by case study method integrating narrative perspective. The design could facilitate describing the graduate youths, who are embedded in differentiated structures, encountering the situation of school to work transition. The research data should reflect the graduate youths from variable majors and rich situational experience, such as auxiliary learning or learning in society. So the researcher chose Fu Jen Catholic University as the organization of school side, and gathered the research data during the intervention process of governmental plan. After that, research analyzed the data by the research point level by level.
After analytic generalization, researcher proposed “model of school to work transition in structural role perspective”, and mentioned some discourses:
1. Equivalence between pre-structure and new-structure of graduate youths will initiate the role transition and facilitate the process of school-to-work transition.
2. Similarity or dis-similarity between occupational attributes in genogram influent the future picture of graduate youths.
3. The participating process and involving experiences in “sub-structures” of school can cultivate the graduate youths’ “role capital”, gather the competences related to work, and recognize the factors of career decision themselves.
4. The “role capital”, which graduate youths cultivated in pre-structure, can influent the role transition directly, the short term school-to-work transition process, and the long term career development and management.
5. When graduate youths encounter the role conflict issues in new-structure, theses experiences will influent the process of adjusted transition and the results of school to work transition.
6. Work related supports in new-structure will facilitate the process of role adjusted transition of graduate youths.
7. The equivalence between pre-structure and new-structure, attributes in new-structure, and role capital will simultaneous influent the adjusted transition process of graduate youths.
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未發表手稿
Chambers N. (1997) Personal Projects Analysis: The Maturation of a Multi-Dimensional Methodology. Unpublished manuscript, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.

英文碩士論文
Nicklaus, Anne-Lena (2007). The complex relationship between role ambiguity, role conflict, work engagement of HR managers and the implementation of SHRM. ( Master Thesis, Netherlands Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maastricht)

英文研討會論文
Savickas, M. L. (2007). The Self in Vocational Psychology: Object, Subject, and Project. 8th Biennial Meeting of the Society for Vocational Psychology.

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袁志晃(2005)。制握控傾向大學生的生涯發展阻力因素與個人生涯決策行為之關係探討,智慧科技與應用統計學報,3(1),133-158。
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研討會論文
周志明、蔡秦倫、楊康臨、鄭穆熙(2012年5月18日)。家庭對青年生涯發展福祉的影響:臺菲跨文化比較觀點。輔仁大學兒童與家庭學系主辦「家人關係與健康-理論與實務的對話國際研討會」,(新北市:輔仁大學),之壁報論文。

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就業失業統計(2012年版)【資料檔】。台北市:行政府主計處。

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法令規章
協助大專校院提升青年就業力實施計畫(修正版)(2009年11月25日)。
培育優質人力促進就業計畫方案一之一大專畢業生至企業職場實習方案實施要點(修正版)(2009年8月4日)。
補助大專校院辦理就業學程計畫(2008年3月28日)。
補助大專校院辦理就業學程計畫(修正版)(2008年3月28日)。
補助大專校院辦理就業學程計畫作業要點(2008年3月21日)。
青年職涯啟動補助要點(修正版)(2008年6月2日)。
 
 
 
 
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