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題名：審議式民主在民主教育的實踐
書刊名：高雄師大學報. 教育與社會科學類
作者：陳朝政／楊三東
作者(外文)：Chen, Chao-cheng／Yang, San-tung
出版日期：2012
卷期：32
頁次：頁47-69
主題關鍵詞：審議式民主；民主教育；民主素養；民主參與；Deliberative democracy；Democratic education；Democratic literacy；Democratic participation
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(0) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:3
  • 共同引用共同引用:282
  • 點閱點閱:191
民主教育旨在提升學習者的民主知識、民主素養以及民主技能，因此民主教育的實施內容，除了民主知識之外，亦應以適當方式增進受教者民主素養及民主技能。綜合理論及實踐經驗，透過參與民主審議的審議式民主，是其中一種可行的民主教育方式。審議式民主除了使參與者藉由參與不同的民主模式而重新評價民主，提升對民主活動的參與動機，亦可使其學習參與審議、問題解決，以及分析討論公共政策議題。 然而，從民主教育的觀點來看，審議式民主也有一些隱憂，包括給予閱讀的資料是否中立、參與者是否都能理性討論、參與者是否都有議論能力、參與者的代表性與人數等問題。對此，欲以審議式民主實施民主教育的教育工作者及希望推廣審議式民主之團體與政府機關，可以下列方式處理問題：第一，提醒參與者，應認知資料與專家的說法未必中立，自己才是討論與決策的主體，應具有批判思考與獨立思考的能力。第二，應鼓勵參與者發言。試著從書寫帶動自己對討論議題的思考，或以發言單寫下個人意見後，與其他參與者交流意見。第三，提醒參與者，每個人 (包括自己)都可能受到私利、偏見和意識形態的影響，所以應包容差異、寬容異議，彼此相互尊重。第四，提醒參與者，審議式民主並不強求共識，而且不只重視共識結果，也看重溝通過程。第五，考慮實施審議式民調，可參考瑞士科技評估委員會的做法，以使審議式民主之民主教育功能，能普及更多人民。
Democratic education aims at promoting the democratic knowledge, democratic literacy, and democratic skills of the students. Hence, the practical contents of democratic education shall adapt proper methods to enhance their democratic literacy, and democratic skills besides democratic knowledge. Deliberative democracy, which emphasizes both theory and practical participation of democratic deliberation, is a workable method. By participating in different models of democracy, the participants can reevaluate democracy as well as the way to participate in deliberation, problem solving, and how to analyzing issues of public policies. However, from the perspective of democratic education one may discover some malaises, such as the neutrality of the provided reading material, the possibility of rational discussions among participants, their discoursing ability, and representativeness of the participants and their numbers. Accordingly, educators who try to give deliberative democratic training and the organizations as well as the governmental institutes which wish to promote deliberative democracy may deal with these problems with the following methods. First, We should remind the participants that the provided material and the reasoning of the experts may not necessarily be neutral, and that they shall acknowledge themselves as the subjects of discussion, shall have critical and independent thinking. Second, We should encourage the participants to speak and take note of the important ideas of others. They shall try to organize their ideas by writing them down, and to share with others by using the opinion sheet. Third, We should bremind the participants that everyone (including themselves) might be influenced by private interests, bias, and ideology. They shall learn to tolerate differences and different opinions, and respect each other. Fourth, We should remind the participants that deliberative democracy does not insist on forming consensus. Rather, communication is more emphasized. Fifth, We should consider carrying out deliberative poll or referring to the Technological Review Committee of Switzerland, so that the educational function of deliberative democracy can be fulfilled by more people.
期刊論文
1.顏厥安(2009)。民主社會的合法性與正當性。思想，11，163-171。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.Mouffe, Chantal(1995)。Politics, Democratic Action, and Solidarity。Inquiry，38(1/2)，99-108。  new window
3.林國明(20090300)。公共領域、公民社會與審議民主。思想，11，181-195。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.許國賢(20021200)。寬容理念的形塑及其當代問題。政治科學論叢，17，219-248。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.張秀雄(20050600)。民主與民主公民教育。公民訓育學報，16，113-138。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.Warren, Mark E.(1992)。Democratic Theory and Self-Transformation。American Political Science Review，86(1)，8-23。  new window
7.許國賢(20001200)。商議式民主與民主想像。政治科學論叢，13，61-91。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.Mouffe, Chantal(19941200)。Political Liberalism. Neutrality and the Political。Ratio Juris，7(3)，314-324。  new window
9.Weeks, Edward C.(2000)。The Practice of Deliberative Democracy: Results from Four Large-Scale Trials。Public Administration Review，60(4)，360-372。  new window
10.黃東益(20081200)。審議過後--從行政部門觀點探討公民會議的政策連結。東吳政治學報，26(4)，59-96。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.林國明、陳東升(20031200)。公民會議與審議民主：全民健保的公民參與經驗。臺灣社會學，6，61-118。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.陳東升(20060300)。審議民主的限制--臺灣公民會議的經驗。臺灣民主季刊，3(1)，77-104。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.林火旺(20050300)。審議民主與公民養成。國立臺灣大學哲學論評，29，99+101+103-143。new window  延伸查詢new window
14.陳俊宏(19980900)。永續發展與民主：審議式民主理論初探。東吳政治學報，9，85-122。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.黃競涓(20080900)。女性主義對審議式民主之支持與批判。臺灣民主季刊，5(3)，33-69。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.林國明、陳東升(20050900)。審議民主、科技決策與公共討論。科技、醫療與社會，3，1-49。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.Sanders, Lynn. M.(1997)。Against Deliberation。Political Theory，25(3)，347-376。  new window
18.McAfee, N.(2004)。Three nodels of democratic deliberation。The Journal of Speculative Philosophy: New Series，18(1)，44-59。  new window
19.Mouffe, C.(1999)。Deliberative democracy or agonistic pluralism?。Social Research，66(3)，745-758。  new window
20.王錦雀(1996)。從檢視國中「公民與道德」教科書內容談民主內涵之建構。公民訓育學報，7，295-318。new window  延伸查詢new window
21.王錦雀(2000)。公民教育實施的障礙與契機：社群主義觀點之分析。公民訓育學報，9，219-239。new window  延伸查詢new window
22.胡中瑋(2007)。科技溝通與審議式民主：美國密蘇里州幹細胞修憲投票經驗為例。法律與生命科學，2，19-31。new window  延伸查詢new window
23.劉美慧(2000)。學校公民課程的實施與公民資質觀點分析。臺灣教育，595，25-35。  延伸查詢new window
24.蕭揚基(2004)。公民意識與憲法教學：彼此之間的挑戰。研究與動態，10，133-152。  延伸查詢new window
25.錢永祥(2009)。必要的民主。思想，11，173-180。  延伸查詢new window
26.Deutsche, R.(2001)。Every form of art has a political dimension。Grey Room，2，98-125。  new window
27.Knight, J.、James Johnson, J.(1994)。Aggregation and deliberation: On the possibility of democratic legitimacy。Political Theory，22(2)，277-296。  new window
研究報告
1.代理孕母公民共識會議公民小組(2004)。代理孕母公民共識會議公民小組結論報告。  延伸查詢new window
2.施能傑(2004)。審議式民主的「包容性」問題之研究。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.蔡逸珮(2007)。杜威在民主與教育--書中的「民主教育」理念。臺北市立教育大學，臺北。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.(2007)。口中之光：審議民主的理論與實踐。口中之光：審議民主的理論與實踐。臺北：臺灣智庫。  延伸查詢new window
2.Lijphart, Arend(1998)。Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries。New Haven：Yale University Press。  new window
3.林國明(2005)。審議民主公民會議--操作手冊。臺北：行政院青年輔導委員會。  延伸查詢new window
4.Valadez, Jorge M.(2001)。Deliberative Democracy, Political Legitimacy, and Self-Determination in Multicultural Societies。Deliberative Democracy, Political Legitimacy, and Self-Determination in Multicultural Societies。Boulder, Colo.：Westview Press。  new window
5.Phillips, Anne(1991)。Engendering Democracy。University Park, Pa：Pennsylvania State University Press。  new window
6.黃浩榮(2005)。公共新聞學：審議民主的觀點。台北：巨流圖書公司。  延伸查詢new window
7.Ackerman, B.、Fishkin, J. S.(2004)。Deliberation Day。New Haven：Yale University Press。  new window
8.Schumpeter, J. A.(1976)。Capitalism, socialism, and democracy。New York：Harper and Brothers。  new window
9.Arblaster, Anthony、胡建平(1992)。民主制。臺北市：桂冠圖書股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
10.Shapiro, Ian(2003)。The State of Democratic Theory。NJ：Princeton：Princeton University Press。  new window
11.Held, David(1996)。Models of Democracy。Stanford, CA：Stanford University Press。  new window
12.Mouffe, Chantal(2005)。On the Political: Thinking in Action。Routledge。  new window
13.Bohman, James(1996)。Public Deliberation: Pluralism, Complexity, and Democracy。MIT Press。  new window
14.Gutmann, Amy、Thompson, Danis(1996)。Democracy and Disagreement。Belknap Press of Harvard University Press。  new window
15.Lyotard, Jean-François、Bennington, Geoff、Massumi, Brian、Jameson, Fredric(1984)。The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge。Manchester：Manchester University Press。  new window
16.吳定(1998)。公共政策辭典。臺北：五南。  延伸查詢new window
17.郭秋永(20010000)。當代三大民主理論。臺北：聯經出版事業公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.Mouffe, Chantal(1993)。The Return of the Political。Verso。  new window
19.Dahl, Robert A.(1956)。A Preface to Democratic Theory。Chicago：University of Chicago Press。  new window
20.Mouffe, Chantal(2000)。The Democratic Paradox。Verso。  new window
21.Pateman, Carole(1970)。Participation and Democratic Theory。Cambridge University Press。  new window
22.Gutmann, Amy、Thompson, Dennis F.(2004)。Why Deliberative Democracy?。Princeton University Press。  new window
23.Young, Iris Marion(2000)。Inclusion and Democracy。Oxford University Press。  new window
24.林水波、邱靖鈜(2006)。公民投票vs.公民會議。五南圖書。  延伸查詢new window
25.Fishkin, James S.(1991)。Democracy and Deliberation: New Directions for Democratic Reform。Yale University Press。  new window
26.Habermas, Jürgen、Cronin, Ciaran、De Greif, Pablo(1998)。The Inclusion of the Other: Studies in Political Theory。MIT Press。  new window
27.Dryzek, John S.(2000)。Deliberative democracy and beyond: liberals, critics, contestations。Oxford University Press。  new window
28.Mouffe, C.(1995)。The end of politics and the rise of the radical right。Dissent, Fall。  new window
29.Parkinson, J.(2006)。Deliberating in the real world。New York。  new window
30.林國明(2007)。公民共識會議。口中之光：審議民主的理論與實踐 \\ 廖錦桂 ; 王興中(主編)。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
31.張秀雄(1998)。公民教育與社會科學及人文學科的關係。公民教育的理論與實施 \\ 張秀雄(主編)。臺北。new window  延伸查詢new window
32.梁文韜(2011)。審議式民主與實踐推理。審議式民主的理想與侷限。臺北：巨流。  延伸查詢new window
33.陳東升(2007)。序 : 臺灣推展審議民主的歷程。口中之光：審議民主的理論與實踐。臺北：臺灣智庫。  延伸查詢new window
34.陳東升(2010)。到審議民主之路：臺灣的實踐與反省。審議民主。臺北：群學。  延伸查詢new window
35.廖益興、Hunttington, S. P.(1997)。民主的千秋大業。鞏固第三波民主 \\ 田弘茂等(主編)。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
36.劉正山(2011)。當前審議式民主的困境及可能的出路。審議式民主的理想與侷限。臺北：巨流。new window  延伸查詢new window
37.謝宗學、鄭惠文、Gutman, A.、Thompson, D.(2006)。商議民主。臺北：智勝文化。  延伸查詢new window
38.Elster, J.(1997)。The market and the forum: Three varieties of political theory。Deliberative democracy: Essays on reason and politics \\ J. Bohman ; W. Rehg (eds.)。Cambridge, Mass.。  new window
39.Fishkin, J. S.(2007)。邁向理想的公共諮詢：審議式民調與審議日。口中之光：審議民主的理論與實踐 \\ 廖錦桂 ; 王興中(主編)。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
40.Gambetta, D.(1998)。“Claro!”: An essay on discursive nachismo。Deliberative democracy \\ J. Elster (ed.)。New York。  new window
41.Shapiro, I.(2003)。Optimal deliberation?。Debating Deliberative Democracy \\ J. S. Fishkin ; P. Laslett (eds.)。Malden, MA。  new window
42.Swift, R.(2002)。The no-nonsense guide to democracy。Oxford：New International Publications。  new window
43.Walsh, K. C.(2007)。The democratic potential of civic dialogue。Deliberation, participation and democracy: Can the people govern? \\ S. W. Rosenberg (ed.)。Basingstoke。  new window
圖書論文
1.Young, Iris Marion(1996)。Communication and the Other: Beyond Deliberative Democracy。Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the Political。Princeton, New Jersey：Princeton University Press。  new window
2.Christiano, Thomas(1997)。The Significance of Public Deliberation。Deliberative Democracy: Essays on reason and politics。Cambridge, Mass：MIT Press。  new window
3.黃東益(2007)。審慎思辯民調。口中之光：審議民主的理論與實踐。臺北：財團法人臺灣智庫。  延伸查詢new window
4.Cohen, Joshua(1997)。Procedure and Substance in Deliberative Democracy。Deliberative Democracy。Cambridge, MA：MIT Press。  new window
5.Sunstein, Cass R.(2003)。The Law of Group Polarization。Debating Deliberative Democracy。Blackwell Publishing。  new window
6.Habermas, J.(1996)。Three Normative Models of Democracy。Democracy and Difference。Princeton, NJ：Princeton University Press。  new window
7.Johnson, James(1998)。Arguing for Deliberation: Some Skeptical Considerations。Deliberative Democracy。Cambridge University Press。  new window
8.Mouffe, Chantal(1996)。Radical Democracy or Liberal Democracy?。Radical Democracy: Identity, Citizenship, and the State。London：Routledge。  new window
9.Fearon, James D.(1998)。Deliberation as Discussion。Deliberative Democracy。Cambridge University Press。  new window
10.Mouffe, Chantal(1994)。For a Politics of Nomadic Identity。Travellers' Tales: Narratives of Home and Displacement。London：Routledge。  new window
11.Fraser, Nancy(1992)。Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy。Habermas and the Public Sphere。MIT Press。  new window
12.Shapiro, Ian(1999)。Enough of Deliberation: Politics Is about Interests and Power。Deliberative politics: Essays on democracy and disagreement。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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