本文旨在分析政治解嚴之後，台灣小學教育改革動向，包括政策方向、改革重點與具體策略，並加以評析。本文主要以文獻分析的方法為主，探討的時間自1987年至2001年，探討的範圍以台灣地區（臺、澎、金、馬）小學教育（國民小學階段6歲至11歲學齡兒童所接受之學校教育，不包括幼稚園）的改革為主。 全文的內容重點，首先分析台灣教育改革形成的背景，主要有政治體制的轉型、順應時代的潮流、符應教改的需求、社會結構的重塑、面臨問題的挑戰、校園民主的覺醒、品質要求的增高；其次，綜合闡述教育改革應有的理念，包括：（1）教育改革是價值判斷的結果，應以民意為依歸並以專業決定為原則；（2）教育改革在因應社會變遷，應考慮系統性問題並進行組織再造；（3）教育改革是價值重塑的過程，應建立規範機制以符應社會正義；（4）教育改革是一種不斷進行的動態活動，旨在加速社會進步及促進學生適性發展；（5）教育改革旨在提升國民素質，應兼顧「量」的適度增加及「質」的不斷提高；（6）教育改革在改進學生學習內容，應提升課程設計品質並改進教師教學方法；（7）教育改革在促進國家社會整體發展，應把握前瞻、可行、有效、效率及卓越的原則；（8）教育改革應符應時代需求，尊重人的主體性以促進教育現代化；再次，分析台灣小學教育改革動向包括政策方向、重點與策略，分成行政體制的改革、課程教材的改革、教學方法的改革、師資培育的改革、環境與設備的改革等方面分別加以探討；最後，針對台灣小學教育改革動向進行評析，並提出未來努力的方向，俾作為新世紀教改推動與實施之參考。

　　　　　This article aims at analyzing the trends of elementary schools' educational reform after the political transition, including the reformative points and concrete strategy. The duration of investigation starts from 1987 to 2001. The main scope is the Taiwanese elementary schools' educational reform whose purpose is to promote educational development, social progress, and educational quality. In this study, I first analyze the background of educational reform in Taiwan, including the transformation of the political system, the conformance with the modern trends, the correspondence with the demand of the educational reform, the remolding of our social structure, the challenge of facing the problems, and the awakening of campus democracy. Next, I expound the concept of educational reform and propose the following：（1）Educational reform is the result of value judgment, so it must comply with the wishes of the people and respect the professional decision.（2）Educational reform is to coincide with the social transition, therefore, the systematic problems must be examined in order to have a reorganization.（3） Educational reform is the process of value remolding, so it must establish its standard function to agree with social justice.（4）Educational reform is an incessant activity, which aims to accelerate the social progress and assist the students' development .（5）Educational reform is to promote the citizens' quality, so it ought to take care of the appropriate increase of quantity and constant lift of quality.（6）Educational reform is to enrich students' learning contents, so it must advance the designed quality of curricula and promote teachers' teaching methodology.（7）Educational reform is to enhance the whole development of the country and society, so it must be feasible, effective, efficient and excellent.（8） Educational reform ought to conform to modern trends, respect personal differences and assist the educational modernization. Besides, I analyze elementary schools' educational reformative trends in Taiwan, including governmental policy and strategy. Also, I investigates the reform of administration, curriculum, teaching method, teachers' training education, environment, and equipments. Finally, I analyzes Taiwanese elementary schools' reformative trends and offers suggestions as reference for the educational reformative implementation in the new century.