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題名：「施恩」與「報恩」：仁慈領導的回顧與展望
書刊名：中華心理學刊
作者：林姿葶／林昱錡／簡忠仁 引用關係
作者(外文)：Lin, Tzu-ting／Lin, Yu-chi／Chien, Chung-jen
出版日期：2023
卷期：65:4
頁次：頁299-325
主題關鍵詞：工作照顧；仁慈領導；生活照顧；華人文化；華人領導；Benevolent leadership；Chinese culture；Chinese leadership；Life-oriented consideration；Work-oriented consideration
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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華人組織中，受到家庭色彩濃厚且泛家族主義的影響深遠，華人領導者傾向將部屬視為家人般給予關懷與機會，並認為照顧部屬是責無旁貸的義務。根據華人的關係文化傳統，學者以「施恩者與受惠者的互動對偶模式」之觀點來解釋華人企業組織中領導者與部屬間關係的可能影響，稱之為「仁慈領導」，意即領導者對部屬個人的福祉做個別、全面、而長久的關懷。仁慈領導根源於家長式領導理論，針對家長式領導已有不少回顧文章或事後分析論文，不難看出仁慈領導的重要性與顯著性，但截至目前為止，尚未有論文專注且系統性地完整回顧仁慈領導，並探究其特殊性與有效性。有鑑於此，本文企圖以縱貫式的考察，以主題性分析重新檢視仁慈領導理論的過去成果、現在狀況及未來方向。綜而言之，本文將以下列各重點回顧並探討仁慈領導的研究成果。首先，我們將回顧仁慈領導的構念與文化根源；第二、呈現仁慈的理論發展、定義，及構面演化；第三，分析不同觀點的仁慈領導理論；第四，釐清並比較仁慈領導與其他相似領導間的異同；第五，在家長式領導三元模式的脈絡下，檢視仁慈領導的相關研究成果，包括對部屬態度與行為的直接效果，與其中的中介與調節變項。最後，本文將提出未來研究展望，以進一步釐清未解議題，並完整呈現仁慈領導理論之有效性與重要性。
Influenced by family characteristics and pan-familism in Chinese organizations, Chinese leaders tend to treat their subordinates as family members and give them care, opportunities, and believe that taking care of subordinates is a duty-bound obligation. According to the cultural tradition of Chinese relations, scholars interpret the possible impact of the relationship between leaders and subordinates in Chinese business organizations from the perspective of "the interactive dual model of the benefactor and the beneficiary." They called it "benevolent leadership," which means that the leader cares for the personal well-being of subordinates individually, comprehensively, and for a long time. Benevolent leadership is rooted in paternalistic leadership theory. There have been many review articles or meta-analysis papers on paternalistic leadership. It is not difficult to see the importance and significance of benevolent leadership. However, there has yet to be a paper that specifically and systematically reviews benevolent leadership and explores its particularity and effectiveness. Given this, this article attempts to re-examine the past achievements, current situation, and future directions of benevolent leadership theory with a longitudinal investigation and a thematic analysis. To sum up, this article would review and discuss the research results of benevolent leadership in the order of the following key points. First, it would review the concept and cultural roots of benevolent leadership. Second, it would present the theoretical development, definition, and dimension evolution of benevolence. Third, it would analyze benevolent leadership theory from different perspectives. Fourth, it would clarify and compare the similarities and differences of benevolent leadership with similar leadership theories. Fifth, it would examine the relevant research results of benevolent leadership in the context of the triad model of paternalistic leadership, including the direct effects on subordinate attitudes and behaviors, as well as the mediating and moderating variables. Finally, after systematically reviewing the research on benevolent leadership, this paper would propose future research prospects to clarify unresolved issues further and comprehensively present the validity and importance of benevolent leadership theory.
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88.Wang, Z.、Ren, S.、Chadee, D.、Liu, M.、Cai, S.(2021)。Team reflexivity and employee innovative behavior: The mediating role of knowledge sharing and moderating role of leadership。Journal of Knowledge Management，25(6)，1619-1639。  new window
89.Wu, C. Y.、Kuo, C. C.、Lin, C. W.、Hu, W. H.、Wu, C. Y.、Cheng, S.(2020)。How does benevolent leadership lead to work-family enrichment? The mediating role of positive group affective tone。Stress and Health，36(4)，496-506。  new window
90.Xia, Z.、Yang, F.、Xu, Q.(2021)。Authoritarian-benevolent leadership and its effect on graduate student creativity: The mediating role of intrinsic motivation。The Journal of Creative Behavior，55(1)，25-38。  new window
91.鄭伯壎、謝佩鴛、周麗芳(20020600)。校長領導作風、上下關係品質及教師角色外行為：轉型式與家長式領導的效果。本土心理學研究，17，105-161。new window  延伸查詢new window
92.Walumbwa, F. O.、Avolio, B. J.、Gardner, W. L.、Wernsing, T. S.、Peterson, S. J.(2008)。Authentic leadership: Development and validation of a theory-based measure。Journal of Management，34(1)，89-126。  new window
93.鄭伯壎(19951200)。家長權威與領導行為之關係：一個臺灣民營企業主持人的個案研究。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊，79，119-173。  延伸查詢new window
94.Chan, Simon C. H.、Mak, W. M.(2012)。Benevolent leadership and follower performance: The mediating role of leader-member exchange (LMX)。Asia Pacific Journal of Management，29(2)，285-301。  new window
95.Zhang, Yan、Huai, Ming-yun、Xie, Yun-hui(2015)。Paternalistic leadership and employee voice in China: A dual process model。The Leadership Quarterly，26(1)，25-36。  new window
96.Dasborough, Marie T.、Ashkanasy, Neal M.(2002)。Emotion and attribution of intentionality in leader-member relationships。The Leadership Quarterly，13(5)，615-634。  new window
97.Chen, X.-P.、Chen, C. C.(2004)。On the intricacies of the chinese guanxi: A process model of guanxi development。Asia Pacific Journal of Management，21(3)，305-324。  new window
98.Farh, Jiing-Lih、Tsui, Anne S.、Xin, Katherine、Cheng, Bor-Shiuan(1998)。The influence of relational demography and guanxi: The Chinese case。Organization Science，9(4)，471-488。  new window
99.Tsui, Anne S.、Farh, Jiing-Lih Larry(1997)。Where guanxi matters: Relational demography and guanxi in the Chinese context。Work and Occupations，24(1)，56-79。  new window
100.Westwood, R. I.(1997)。Harmony and patriarchy: Then cultural basis for 'paternalistic headship' among the overseas Chinese。Organization Studies，18(3)，445-480。  new window
會議論文
1.Colella, A.、Garcia, M. F.(2004)。Paternalism: Hidden discrimination?。2004 Academy of Management Annual Meetings，(會議日期: 2004, August 6-11)。  new window
2.Colella, A.、Garcia, F.、Triana, M.、Riedel, L.(2005)。Measuring paternalism: Opening the door to research。2005 Academy of Management Annual Meeting，(會議日期: 2005, August 5-10)。  new window
3.Lin, T. T.、Cheng, B. S.、Wang, A. C.、Chou, L. F.、Huang, M. P.(2010)。Trust in leader and perceived organizational support as the mediators of the relationship between benevolent leadership and subordinate outcomes。2010 International Association for Chinese Management Research (IACMR) Annual Conference，(會議日期: 2010, June 16-20)。  new window
研究報告
1.鄭伯壎、任金剛、周麗芳、樊景立(2004)。家長式領導：現代轉化及其影響機制。台北：國立台灣大學心理學系。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Daly, Herman E.、Cobb, John B. Jr.(1994)。For the Common Good。Boston：Beacon。  new window
2.Bryson, John M.、Crosby, Barbara C.(1992)。Leadership for the Common Good: Tackling Public Problems in a Shared-Power World。Jossey-Bass。  new window
3.Huntington, Samuel P.(1997)。The clash of civilizations and the remaking of world order。Simon & Schuster。  new window
4.Northouse, P. G.(1997)。Leadership: Theory and Practice。Sage Publications, Inc.。  new window
5.Silin, Robert H.(1976)。Leadership and Values: The Organization of Large-Scale Taiwanese Enterprises。East Asian Research Center, Harvard University。  new window
6.鄭伯壎(20050000)。華人領導：理論與實際。臺北：桂冠。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.鄭伯壎(2017)。華人領導的十堂必修課。五南圖書。  延伸查詢new window
8.Redding, S. Gordon(1990)。The Spirit of Chinese Capitalism。Walter de Gruyter。  new window
圖書論文
1.Yang, L.-S.(1957)。The concept of "Pao" as a basis for social relations in China。Chinese thought and institutions。University of Chicago Press。  new window
2.楊國樞(1998)。家族化歷程、泛家族主義及組織管理。海峽兩岸之組織與管理。台北：遠流出版公司。  延伸查詢new window
3.Ferris, G. R.、Bhawuk, D. P. S.、Fedor, D. F.、Judge, T. A.(1995)。Organizational politics and citizenship: Attributions of intentionality and construct definition。Advances in Attribution Theory: An Organizational Perspective。St. Lucie Press。  new window
4.鄭伯壎(19910000)。家族主義與領導行為。中國人．中國心：人格與社會篇。臺北：遠流。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.楊國樞(20050000)。華人社會取向的理論分析。華人本土心理學。臺北：遠流。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.Farh, Jiing-Lih、Cheng, Bor-Shiuan(2000)。A cultural analysis of paternalistic leadership in Chinese organizations。Management and organizations in the Chinese context。Palgrave Macmillan。  new window
7.Farh, Jiing-Lih、Liang, Jian、Chou, Li-fang、Cheng, Bor-shiuan(2008)。Paternalistic leadership in Chinese organizations: Research progress and future research directions。Leadership and management in China: Philosophies, theories, and practices。Cambridge University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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