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題名:國小級任教師知識之個案研究
作者:邱憶惠
作者(外文):Chiu Yi Hui
校院名稱:國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱:教育學系
指導教授:陳密桃
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2002
主題關鍵詞:教師知識國小級任教師teachers’ knowledgeclassroom teacher
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(10) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
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  • 點閱點閱:74
本研究旨在探討國小級任教師之教師知識。主要研究目的在於了解國小級任教師的知識本質,分析其推理與行動,並探究教師知識的發展。本研究選取兩位有經驗的國小級任教師分別進行個案研究,並輔以觀察、訪談、與文件分析等資料蒐集策略,進而做整理與分析,前後長達三年的時間。
依據上述的研究目的與方法,本研究獲得下列的結論:
一、從知識的類別、結構、與來源以說明教師知識的內涵。
(一)教師知識之類別可分為自我知識、課程知識、學習者知識、學科知識、學科教學法知識、一般教學法知識、和情境脈絡知識等七大類。兩位教師的的知識同時包含了實用知識、實際知識、及實務知識等三種概念,雖然這三種概念並沒有高低之別,卻有多寡之分,主要以實際知識佔較大的成分,其次為實務知識。
(二)教師的知識結構無法呈現教師的完整思考。故探究教師知識時,則需兼顧討論教師的推理與行動,才能了解教師如何改變知識結構。
(三)教師知識的來源具理論性與實務性。來源越豐富,教師專業發展則越具有顯著的成長性;有些來源為教師主動發掘,有些則是情境所賦予的,個人與情境的關係經常無法清楚地劃分。
二、國小級任教師的推理與行動分成非學科及教學兩方面;且具有濃厚的情境化與個別化。
(一)教師的非學科性行動雖有充分的自主性,卻也受學生與學校兩因素所牽絆;並同時具有支援功能和干擾教學行動的弊病。
(二)教學推理與行動之階段間有前後順序,活動之間呈循環性。在教學前階段,教師著重學生、課程、與學科等因素,面臨教改與課程改革,教師重視學生與課程的理解,不再只侷限於學科;甚至優先考量學生與課程因素,再決定學科內容與教學方法。在交互階段,表徵、監控、與評量等活動因教師的需要而交替出現,三種活動沒有前後順序之分。教學後階段包括反省、專業發展、和與同事的互動,教學後的反省是屬於行動上的反省,兩位教師都同時兼具技術、實務、和批判等三層次。教師的反省提昇了專業的品質,而教師學習也促進了教師的專業發展;兩位教師教師自行選擇與決定什麼樣的方式來促進個人的專業發展,因個人的積極學習,使自己與同事都有顯著的專業成長,同事間的相互合作也使教學實務工作順利;所以兩位教師的反省層面已不再侷限單純的個人化,還包含濃厚的團體性。
(三)知識與行動是一體兩面,自我知識、轉化、與新理解連結這兩者。
三、知識的學習就是一種行動,知識的改變係因實務工作的需要,教師們同心協力並相互合作使自己成為知識行動者。
This study of teachers’ knowledge described how two elementary school classroom experienced teachers developed their knowledge and action in the practical work. This case study drew on information collected over two years from interviews, classroom observations, and documents.
The findings of this research were as following:First, the nature of teachers’ knowledge is identified by seven domains, structure of practice, and multiple sources. Second, teachers’ reasoning and action that is composed of three undisciplinary activities and a pedagogical process is situated and personal. Third, it is an action that teachers’ knowledge needs to be learned and changed in professional practice. It is important teachers and others playing leaders conjoin their efforts to construct knowledge of practice.
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