本研究旨在探究國小學童的後設語言能力。首先編製國小學童詞彙覺識測驗，以測量國小學童後設語言能力，進而探討國小學童後設語言的發展情形及其與閱讀理解能力、國語文學業成就的關係。主要採用調查法為研究方法，以全省北、中南、東四區56所學校共4,899位國小童為研究樣本進行研究。研究結果如下：（一）本研究所編製之詞彙覺識測驗，具有良好的信、效度、所建構的詞彙覺識模式為一精簡模式。（二）國小女生的詞彙覺識能力顯著優於男生，且隨著年級的增加，學童詞彙覺識能力也跟著提升。（三）國小學童的詞彙覺識能力與閱讀理解、國語文學業成就之相關均達顯著水準，且詞彙覺識能力對閱讀理解、國語文學業成就也具有顯著的預測力。

　　　　　The purpose of this study is to explore the metalanguage ability of elementary school students. First, "the Word Awareness Test for Elementary School Students" was constructed so as to understand the development of elementary school students' metalanguage ability and to further explore how the metalanguage ability of elementary school students is related to their reading comprehension and Chinese language achievement. The approach to the research is mainly investigations on samples of 4899 elementary school students from 56 schools in Northern, Central, Southern, and Eastern areas of Taiwan. The results are as follows: First, in terms of test constructing, the Word Awareness Test designed for the research demonstrates good reliability and validity. The word awareness model constructed in the research is a concise one. Second, it is found that the performance of girls of all grades is far better than that of boys. Both of girls and boys' word awareness ability also improves with the increase of the grade. Lastly, in the researches concerned, the relations between elementary school students' word awareness ability and their reading comprehension and Chinese language achievement have attained a significant level. Furthermore, the performance of their word awareness ability helps to account for their reading comprehension and Chinese language achievement.