:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:國中體育教師組織正義與組織信任對組織承諾影響之研究
作者:牟鍾福 引用關係
作者(外文):Mo Chung-Fu
校院名稱:國立臺灣師範大學
系所名稱:體育研究所
指導教授:吳清基
鄭志富
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2002
主題關鍵詞:體育教師組織正義組織信任組織承諾
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(23) 博士論文(14) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:23
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:63
摘 要
本研究旨在藉由理論探討與實證研究分析,驗證國民中學體育教師組織正義、組織信任與組織承諾之因果模式與相互關係,並探討國民中學體育教師組織正義、組織信任、組織承諾的現況與差異情形。
本研究在理論探討方面,採用文獻分析法,探究組織正義、組織信任、組織承諾之理論與實證研究,以綜合歸納本研究之假設模式。在實證研究方面,以問卷調查法與半結構式專家訪談法進行探討。問卷調查工具,係採用研究者修訂之量表,並以台灣地區500位國民中學體育教師為樣本,進行問卷調查。所蒐集到的資料,經線性結構關係模式、因素分析、變異數分析與描述性統計方法分析結果,配合專家訪談發現,在本研究的限制之內,得到以下結論:
一、在國民中學體育教師組織正義方面
(一)就整體而言,國民中學體育教師組織正義量表共包含兩個分析層次,即學校正義與部門正義;且部門正義尚可分為程序正義與分配正義構面。受試者在這三個量表之得分,屬於中上程度。其中尤以程序正義之得分最高,其次為分配正義,而以學校正義之得分最低。
(二)就差異比較而言,不同年齡、學校規模體育教師對學校正義的評價有顯著差異;不同地區學校體育教師對部門正義的評價亦有顯著差異存在。
二、在國民中學體育教師組織信任方面
(一)就整體而言,國民中學體育教師組織信任量表亦包含兩個分析層次,即學校信任與部門信任;且部門信任尚可分為主管信任與同事信任構面。受試者在這三個量表之得分,屬於中上程度。其中尤以主管信任之得分最高,同事信任次之,而以學校信任之得分最低。
(二)就差異比較而言,不同規模學校體育教師對學校信任的評價有顯著差異;且不同地區與規模學校體育教師對部門信任的評價,亦有顯著差異存在。
三、在國民中學體育教師組織承諾方面
(一)就整體而言,國民中學體育教師組織承諾量表共可分為三個構面,包括:組織認同、留職傾向與努力意願。受試者在這三個構面之得分,亦屬中上的程度。其中尤以努力意願之得分最高;其次為組織認同;而以留職傾向之得分最低。
(二)就差異比較而言,不同年齡、婚姻狀況、學歷、服務年資、學校規模體育教師在組織承諾各構面之得分,均達顯著差異;不同性別、行政職務與學校地區體育教師,則無顯著差異存在。且經F檢定及差異比較結果得知,不同背景變項體育教師在組織承諾得分之差異來源,均為留職傾向構面。
四、在組織正義、組織信任與組織承諾假設模式之驗證方面
本研究為瞭解國民中學體育教師組織正義、組織信任與組織承諾等各變項之因果模式與相互關係,因此經由理論與實證研究建構假設模式,並採用線性結構關係模式(LISREL)及其適合度評量指標(X2、RMSEA、GFI、AGFI、CFI、RMR、standardized RMR),修正與驗證假設模式。結果發現本研究再修正後之假設模式,為適合度較佳的模式。茲將本模式主要研究結果敘述如下:
(一)國民中學體育教師學校正義對學校信任有顯著直接的正面影響。
(二)國民中學體育教師學校正義對部門正義有顯著直接的正面影響。
(三)國民中學體育教師學校信任對部門信任有顯著直接的正面影響。
(四)國民中學體育教師學校正義對組織承諾沒有顯著直接的正面影響。
(五)國民中學體育教師學校信任對組織承諾有顯著直接的正面影響。
(六)國民中學體育教師部門正義對部門信任有顯著直接的正面影響。
(七)國民中學體育教師部門正義對組織承諾沒有顯著直接的正面影響。
(八)國民中學體育教師部門信任對組織承諾有顯著直接的正面影響。
五、在學者專家實地訪談方面
本研究為補充文獻探討與問卷調查之不足,特別針對體育行政部門主管、學者專家與國民中學校長共八人,進行半結構式訪談。
專家訪談的內容主要包含:國民中學體育教師組織正義、組織信任、組織承諾的現況、影響因素、問題與原因、發展方向與建議。
本研究經由專家訪談結果發現,國民中學體育教師組織正義的現況,在社會價值觀方面,比較不受到重視;在實質回饋方面,與其他教師差異不大;惟不同體育教師間有相當大的個別差異。體育教師的組織信任,由於和人際互動有關,因此亦有較大的差異性;惟在組織承諾方面,普遍而言,則仍有較大的改善空間。
國民中學體育教師組織正義、組織信任與組織承諾的影響因素,主要包含:社會價值觀、政府決策、法令制度、家長、社區、學校組織環境、教師人際互動、體育教師本身因素、師資培育機構,以及上述因素的交互影響。
在問題與原因方面,主要包含:整體與觀念、法令制度、學校組織、體育教師與其他問題等五個層面。學者專家並分別針對上述問題與原因,提出改善國民中學體育教師組織正義、組織信任、組織承諾的方向與建議。學者專家們提供了多元而豐富的思考方向,不過總結而言,學者專家幾乎均一致強調,除社會價值觀與法令制度等外部因素外,體育教師需從本身做起,回歸體育的本質,重視體育課程與教學,並且自我要求、自我精進,方為提升組織正義、組織信任與組織承諾的根本之道。
最後,本研究依據文獻探討與實證研究結果,提出相關建議,作為後續研究者與有關單位之參考。
關鍵詞:體育教師、組織正義、組織信任、組織承諾
參 考 文 獻
一、中文部分
丁 虹(1987):企業文化與組織承諾之研究。國立政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文(未出版)。
王文科(1994):教育研究法。台北:五南。new window
王叢桂、羅國英(1992):社會研究的資料處理。台北:黎明。
吳秉恩(1991):組織行為學。台北:華泰。
李金泉(1995):SPSS/PC+之實務與應用統計分析。台北:松崗。
邱馨儀(1995):國民小學學校組織文化與教師組織承諾之關係研究。台北市立師範學院初等教育研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
林 煌(2001):我國中小學教師終身進修制度之研究-理論建構與實證分析。國立台灣師範大學教育學系博士論文(未出版)。
林佳蓉(2001):老人生活滿意模式之研究。國立體育學院體育研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
林鉦棽(1996):組織公正、信任、組織公民行為之研究:社會交換理論之觀點。管理科學學報,13卷,3期,391-415頁。
林淑姬(1992):薪酬公平、程序公平與組織承諾、組織公民行為關係之研究。國立政治大學企業管理研究所碩士論文(未出版)。new window
林靜如(1990):台北市國民小學教師工作經驗、內外控信念與組織承之關係。國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文。(未出版)
梁瑞安(1990):國小教師組織溝通、角色壓力與組織承諾關係研究。國立高雄師範大學教育研究所碩士論文。(未出版)
莊榮霖(1994):國中教職員工作滿足與組織承諾之研究:高雄市地區市立國中調查分析。國立政治大學公行所碩士論文。(未出版)
徐善德(1997):高職教師工作價值觀、組織承諾與教學效能關係之研究。國立政治大學教育研究所博士論文(未出版)。new window
陳正昌、程炳林(1994):SPSS、SAS、BMDP統計軟體在多變量統計上的應用。台北:五南。
陳金水(1989):國民中學教師制握信念、工作經驗與組織承諾之關係。國立高雄師範大學教育研究所碩士論文。(未出版)
陳義勝(1996):組織氣候、工作特性及管理型態,透過組織公民行為對政治行為、組織承諾及社會賦閒效果之相關研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告。new window
黃仲凌(1996):職業棒球現場觀眾行為之研究-休閒滿意模式之驗證。國立體育學院體育研究所碩士論文。(未出版)。
黃秀霜(1987):教育行政人員成就動機、工作特性與組織承諾之相關研究。國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
黃怡姿(1999):員工之組織信任的形成與影響。國立臺灣大學心理研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
黃國隆(1986):中學教師的組織承諾與專業承諾之研究。國立政治大學學報,53期,55-58。
詹婷姬(1994):國民小學教師工作環境之決定與組織承諾關係之研究。國立台北師範學院初等教育研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
蔡進雄(1993):國民中學校長領導方式與教師組織承諾關係之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文(未出版)。new window
蔡寬信(1993):國民小學學校組織氣氛、教師內外控信念與教師組織承諾關係之研究。國立政治大學教研所碩士論文(未出版)。
劉志鵬(1995):國民小學參與決定、組織承諾與組織效能關係之研究。國立新竹師範學院初等教育研究所碩士論文(未出版)。new window
劉春榮(1993):國民小學組織結構、組織承諾與組織效能關係之研究。國立政治大學教育研究所博士論文(未出版)。new window
謝智謀(1999):線性結構關係模式在體育測驗的運用。載於張志滿、王俊明編:體育測驗論文集。台北:中華民國體育學會。
鄭志富(1998):體育行政人員工作價值觀與組織承諾之研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告。
鄭伯壎(1995):差序格局與華人組織行為。本土心理學研究,3期,142-219頁。new window
賴志超(1993):程序正義、分配正義與組織成員工作意向之關係。國立臺灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
二、英文部分
Adams, J. S.(1965). Inequity in social exchange. In L. Berkowitz,(Ed.), Advances in social psychology. New York: Academic Press.
Adams,J.S.,&Rosenbaum, W. B.(1962). The relationship of worker productivity to cognitive dissonance about wage inequities. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69,19-25.
Anderson, J. C. & Narus, J. A. (1990). A model of distributor firm and manufacturer firm working partnerships. Journal of Marketing, 54,42-58.
Anderson, J. C., Hakansson, H., & Johanson, J. (1994). Dyadic Business Relationships within a business network context. Journal of Marketing, 54,1-15.
Anderson, L. M. (1996).Employee cynicism: An examination using a contract violation framework. Human Relations, 49(11), 1395-1418.
Alexander, S, & Ruderman, M. (1987). The role of procedural and distributive justice in organizational behavior. Social Justice Research, 1, 177-198.
Argyris, G.(1965). Organization and innovation. Homewood, IL: Irwin Dorsey Press.
Barber, B.(1983). The logic and limits of trust. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Baron, R. A. (1993). Critcism (informal negative feedback) as a source of perceived unfairness in organizations: effects, mechanisms, and countermeasures. In R. S. Cropanzano (Ed.), Justice, in the workplace: Approaching fairness in human resource management (pp. 155-170). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Baron, R. A. (1988). Negative effects of destructive criticism: Impact on conflict, self-efficacy, and task performance. Journal of Applied Psychology,73, 199-207.
Baron, R. A. (1990). Countering the effects of destructive criticism: The reative efficacy of four potential interventions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 235-245.
Barret-Howard, E., Tyler, T .R. (1986). Procedural Justice as a Criterion in Allocation Decision. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50.
Bateson, P.(1988). The biological evolution of cooperative and trust. In D. Gambetta (Ed.), Turst : Making and breaking cooperative relations(pp.14-30). New York: Basil Blackwell.
Bazerman, M. H. (1993). Fairness, social comparison, and irrationality, (pp.184-203).In J. K. Murnighan, (Ed.), Social Psychology in organizations: Advances in theory and research. Englewoods Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Becker, T. E., Billings, R. S., Eveleth,D.M. & Gilbert, N. L. (1996). Foci and bases of employee commitment : Implications for job performance. Academy of Management Journal ,39,464-482.
Becker, H. S.(1960). Notes on the concept of commitmemt. The American Journal of Sociology , 66, 32-40.
Bennis, W. G.(1989). Why leaders can’t lead: The unconscious conspiracy continues. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Benveniste, G.(1994). The twenty-first century organization: Analyzing current trends-Imagining the future. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Bies, R. J. (1985). Individual reactions to corporate recuiting encounters: The importance of fairness. Unpublished manuscript.
Bies, R. J., & Moag, J. S.(1986). Interactional justice: Communication criteria in fairness. In R. J. Lewicki, B. H. Sheppard,&M. Bazerman(Eds.), Research on negotiation in organizations (Vol. 1, pp.43-55). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Bies, R. J., & Shapiro, D. L. (1987). Interactional fairness judgments: The influence of causal accounts. Social Justice Research, 1, 199-218.
Bigley, G.A.(1996). Follower trust in the leader at work: Concept development behavioral antecedents, and effects on followers’ fairness perceptions and organizational citizenship behaviors. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Irvine.
Blau, P. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley.
Beugre, C. D. (1996). Analyzing the effects of perceived fairness on organizational commitment and workplace aggression. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Tory, New York.
Bradach, J. L. & Eccles, R. G. (1989). Price, authority, and trust: From ideal types to plural forms. Annual Review Sociology,15,97-118.
Brockner, J. & Siegel, P.(1996). Understanding the interaction between procedural and distributive justice: In R. M. Kramer& T. R. Tyler(Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research (pp.390-413). Thousands Oak, CA: Sage.
Brockner, J., Siegel, P. A., Daly, J. P., Tyler, T., & Martin, C. (1997). When trust matters: The moderating effect of outcome favorability. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 558-583.
Buchanan, B.(1974). Building organizational commitment : The socialization of managers in work organization. Administerative Science Quarterly , 19 (4) , 533-546.
Butler, J. K. & Cantrell, R. S. (1984) . A behavioral decision theory approach to modeling dyadic trust in superiors and subordinates. Psychological Reports, 55,19-28.
Butler, J. K.(1991). Toward understanding and measuring conditions of trust: Evolution of a conditions of trust inventory. Journal of Management, 17, 643-663.
Burke, W. W. (1997). The new agenda for organization development. Organizational dynamics, 26 (1) , 7-19.
Burt, R. S.,& Knes, M.(1996). Trust and third-party gossip. In R. M. Kramer & T. R. Tyler(Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research (pp.68-89). Thousands Oak, CA: Sage.
Carnevale, D. G., &Wechsler, B.(1992). Trust in the public sector: Individual and orgamizational determinants. Administration& Society, 23, 471-494.
Carnevale, D. G. (1995). Trustworthy government: Leadership and management strategies for building trust and high performance. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Campbell, J. P., & Pritchard, R. R. (1976). Moivation Theory in Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 63-130. Chicago:Rand McNally.
Clark, A. W. & Wotherspoon, J. A. (1973). Managers’ conflict: Democratic managenent versus distrust of people capacity. Psychological Reports, 32, 815-819.
Clark, M. C. & Payne, R. L. (1997). The nature and structure of workers’ trust in management. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18, 205-224.
Clemmer, E. C. (1993). An investigation into reationship of fairness and customer satisfaction with services. In R. S. Cropanzano (Ed.) , Justice in the workplace: Approaching fairness in human resource management (pp. 193-207). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Condrey, S. E. (1995). Reforming human resource management systems: Exploring the importance of organizational trust. American Review of Public Administration, 25, 341-354.
Cook, J., & Wall, T. (1980). New work attitude measures of trust, organizational commitment and personal need non-fulfillment. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 53, 39-52.
Costign, Ilter, & Berman.(1998).A multi-dimensional study of trust in ganization, Journal of Managerial Issues, 10, p.305.
Cowherd, D.M., and Levine, D.I.(1992). Product Quality and Pay Equity Between Lower Level Employees and Top Management: An Investigation of Distributive Justice Theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37,302-320.
Covey, S. R. ( 1991). Principle-centered leadership. New York: Summit Books.
Covey, S. R. (1991). Principle-centered leadership. New York: Summit Books.
Creed, W. E. D., & Miles, R. E.(1996). Trust in organizations: conceptual framework linking organizational forms, managerial philosophies, and the opportunity costs of controls. In R. M. Kramer& T. R. Tyler(Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research(pp.16-38). Thousands Oak, CA: Sage.
Cropanazano, R. S, & Folger, R (1991). Procedural justice and worker motivation. In R. M. Steers & L. W. Porter(Eds.), Motivation and work behavior ( pp. 131-143). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Cropanzano, R. S.,& Randall, M. L.(1993). Injustice and work behavior: A historical review. In R. S. Cropanzano (Ed.), Justice in the workplace: Approaching fairness in human resource management (pp.3-20). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Cummings, L. L., & Bromiley, P. (1996). The organizational trust inventory (OTI). In R. M. Kramer& T. R. Tyler (Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research (pp.302-330). Thousands Oak, CA: Sage.
Currall, S.,&Judge, T. A.(1995). Measuring trust between organizational boundaryrolepersons. Organizational Behavior and Hurnan Decision Processes, 64, 151-170.
Daley, D. M. (1991). Management practices and the uninvolved manager: The effect of supervisory attitudes on perceptions of organizational trust and change orientation. Public personnel Management, 20(1), 101-113.
Das, T. K. & Teng, B. S. (1998). Between trust and control: Developing confidencn in partner cooperation in alliances. The Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 491-512.
Deutsch, M.(1985). Trust and suspicion. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2, 265-279.
Dittrich, J. E., & Carrell, M. R. (1979). Organizational equity perceptions, employee job satisfaction and departmental absence and turnover rates. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 24, 29-40.
Deluga, R.J.(1994). Supervisor trust building, leader-member exchange and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 67 ,315-326.
Driscoll, J. W. (1978). Trust and participation in organizational decision making as predictors of satisfaction. A cademy of Management Journal, 21, 44-56.
Dodgosn. M. (1993). Learning, trust, and technological collaboration. Hman Relations, 46(1), 77-95.
Dwivedi, R. S.(1983). Management by trust: A conceptual model Relations. Group & Organization Studies, 8, 375-405.
Evans, W. M., & Simmons, R. G. (1969). Organizational effects of inequitable rewards: Two experiments in status inconsistency. Administrative Science Quarterly, 14, 224-237.
Farrell, D. & Rusbult, C. E. (1981). Exchange variables as predictors of job satisfaction, job commitment and turnover: the impact of reward, cost, alternatives and investment. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 28, 120-126.
Farh, J., & Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1990). Accounting for Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Leader Fairness and Task Scope Versus Satisfaction. Journal of Management, 16, 705-722.
Ferris, K.R. & Aranya, N. (1983).A comparison of two organizational commitment scales. Personnel Psychology, 36, 87-99.
Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 11-140.
Folger, R. (1987). Distributive and procedure justice in the workplace. Social Justice Research, 1, 143-160.
Folger, R., & Greenberg, J. (1985). Procedural justice: An interpretive analysis of personnel systems. Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management, 3, 141-183.
Folger, R. (1986). Rethinking Equity Theory: A Referent Cognitions Model. In H. W. Bierhoff, R.L. Cohen & J. Greenberg (Eds.), Justice in Social Relations (pp. 145-162). New York: Plenum.
Furby, L. (1986). Psychology and Justice (pp.153-203). In R. L. Cohen, (Ed.)., Justice: Views from the social sciences, New York: Plenum. Folger, R., & Konovsky, M. A.(1989). Effects of procedural and distrbutive justice on reactions to pay raise decisions. Academy of Manadement Journal, 32, 270-272.
Frost, T., Stimpson, D. V., & Maughan, M. R. C.(1978). Some correlates of Trust. Journal of Psychology, 99, 851-866.
Fryxell, G. E., & Gordon, M.E. (1989). Workplace justice and job satisfaction as predictors of satisfaction with union and management. Academy of Management Journal, 32,. 851-866.
Gabarro, J. J.(1978). The development of trust , influence, and expectation. In A. G. Athos& J. J. Gabarro (Eds.), Interpersonal behaviors: Communication and understanding in relationships (pp.290-303). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Gambetta, D.(1988).Can we trust trust? In D. Gambetta(Ed.), Trust: Making and breaking cooperative relations(pp.213-237). New York: Basil Blackwell.
Gader, J. W. (1990). On leadership. New York: Free Press.
Gibb, J. R.(1978). Trust: A new view of personal and organizational development. Los Angeles, CA: Guild of Tutors Press.
Giffin, K.(1967)The contribution of studies of source credibility to a theory of interpersonal trust in the communication process. Psychological Bulletin, 68, 104-120.
Griffeth, R. W. Vecchio, R.P., & Logan, J.W. (1989). Equity Theory and Interpersonal Attraction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74. 394-401.
Greenberg, J., & Folger, R. (1983). Procedure justice, participation, and the fair process effect in groups and organizations. In P. B. Paulus (Ed.), Basic group processes. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Greenberg, J., & Ornstein, S. (1983). High status job title as compensation for underpayment: A test of equity theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 258-297.new window
Greenberg, J. (1989). Cognitive re-evaluation of outcomes in response to underpayment inequity. Academy of Management Journal, 32, 174-184.
Greenberg, J. (1993b). Stealing in the name of justice: Informational and interpersonal moderators of employee reactions to underpayment inequity. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 54, 81-103.
Greenberg, J. (1996). The quest for justice on the job: Essays and experiments. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Golembiewski, R.T.,& McConkie, M.(1975). The centrality of interpersonal trust in group processes. In C. L. Cooper(Ed.), Theories of group processes.(pp.131-185). New York: Wiley.
Goodman, P. S., & Friedman, A.(1971). An examination of Adams’ theory of inequity. Administrative Science Quarterly, 16, 271-288.
Gradner, J. W.(1990)On leadership. New York: Free Press.
Greenberg, J.(1982)Approaching equity and avoiding inequity in groups and organizations. In J. Greenberg & R. L. Cohen,(Eds.), Equity and justice in social behavior(pp.389-435). New York: Academic Press.
Greenberg, J.(1986). Determinants of perceived fairness of performance evaluations. Jounal of Applied Psychology, 71, 340-342.
Greenberg, J.(1987a). A taxonomy of organizational justice theories. Academy of Management Review, 12, 9-22.
Greenberg, J.(1987b). Reactions to procedural injustice in payment distributions: Do the means justify the ends? Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 55-61.
Greenberg, J.(1988). Equity and workplace status: A filed experirnent. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 606-613.
Griffeth, J., & Vecchio, R. P., & Logan, J. W., Jr. (1989). Equity theory and interactional attraction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 394-401.
Greenberg, J. (1990a). Organization justice: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Journal of Management, 6, 399-432.
Greenberg, J.(1990b). Empolyee theft as a reaction to underpayment inequity: The hidden cost of pay cuts. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 561-568.
Greenberg, J.(1993).The social side of fairness: Interpersonal and information classes of organizational justice. In R. S. Cropanzano (Ed.), Justice in the workplace: Approaching fairness in human resource management (pp.79-103). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Greenberg, J., & McCarty, C. L.(1990). Comparable worth: A matter of justice. In G.R. Ferris & K. M. Rowland (Eds.), Research in personel and human resources management, (Vol. 8,pp.265-301). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Grover, S. L. (1992) . The effect of increasing education on individual professional behavior and commitment. Journal of vocational Behavior, 40, 1-13.
Harder, J. W. (1992). Play for pay: Effects of inequity in a pay-for-performance context. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37, 321-335.
Hart, K. (1998). Kinship, contract, and trust: The economic organization of migrants in an African city slum. In D. Gambetta(Ed.), Trust: Making and breaking cooperative relations (pp. 177-193). New York: Basil Blackwell.
Hart, K. M., Capps, H. R., Cangemi, J. P., & Caillouet, L. M. (1986). Organization Development Journal, 4(2), 31-39.
Hall, D. T. & Moss, J. E. (1998). The new protean career contract: Helping organization and employee adapt. Organizational Dynamics, 26(3),22-37.
Heneman, R. L. (1990). Merit pay research. In G. R. Ferris & K. M. Rowland (Eds.),Research in personnel and human resources management (Vol.8,pp.203-262). Greenwich, CT:JAI Press.
Homans, G. C. (1961). Social behavior: Its elementary forms. New York: Hartcourt, brace & World.
Horton, T. R., & Reid, P. C. (1991). Beyond the trust gap: Forging a new partnership between managers and their employees. Homewood, IL: Irwin.
Hogg, M. A., & Abrams, D. (1988). Social psychology of intergroup relatives. New York: Routledge.
Hosmer, L.T. (1995). Trust: The connecting link between organizational theory and philosophical ethics. Academy of Management Review, 20, 379-403.
Hill, D. B. (1981). Attitude Generalization and the measurement of trust in American leadership. Political Behavior, 3(3), 257-270.
Hrebiniak, L. G. & Alutto, J. A. (1972). Personal and role related factors in the development. of organization commitment Administrative Science Quarterly, 17(4) , 555-573.
Huseman, R. C., Hatfied, J. D., & Miles, E. D. (1987). A new perspective on equity theory: The equity sensitivity construct,. Academy of Management Review, 12, 222-234.
Hseieh, C. M. (1998). Leisure attitudes, motivation, participation, and satisfaction: Test of a model of leisure behavior. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, Blooming-ton, IN.
Jennings, E. E. (1971). Routes to executive suite. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Jones, G. and George, J. (1998). The Experience and Evolution of Trust: Implications for Cooperation and Teamwork. Academy of Management Review, Jul.
Joreskog, C. and Sorbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structuial equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software.
Johnson-George, C., & Swap, W. C. (1982). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43,1306-1317.
Kanter, R. M. (1983). The change masters: Innovations for productivity in the American corporation. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Kanter, R. M. (1968). Commitment and Social Organization : A Study of Commitment Mechanisms in Utopian Communities. American Sociological Review, 33,499.
Katz & Kahn (1966). The Social Psychology of Organizations. New York : Wiley.
Keeley, M. (1988). A social contract theory of organizations. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
Konovsky, M. A. & Brockner, J. (1993). Managing victim and survivor layoff reactions: A procedural justice perspective. In R. S. Cropanzano (Ed.), Justice in the workplace: Approaching fairness in human resource management (pp. 131-153). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Krammer, R. M. (1993). Cooperation and organizational identification. In K. Murnighan (Ed.), Social psychology in organization: Advances in theory and research. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Konovsky, M. A. & Cropanzano, R. S. (1993). Justice considerations in employee drug testing. In R. S. Cropanzano (Ed.), Justice in the workplace: Approaching fairness in human resource management (pp. 171-192). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Konovsky, M. A., and Cropanzano, R.(1991). Perceived Fairness and Employee Drug Testing as a Predictor of Employee Attitude and Job Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76,689-707.
Konovsky, M. A., Folger, R., & Cropanzano, R. (1987). Relative Effects of Procedural and Distributive Justice on Employee Attitudes. Representative Research in Social Psychology, 17, 15-24.
Kasperson, R. E., Golding, D., & Tuler, S. (1992). Social distrust as a factor in siting hazardous facilities and communicating risks. Journal of Social Issues, 48(4), 161-187.
Kanter, R. M. (1968) . Commitment and social organization: a study of commitment mechanisms in utopian communities. American Sociological Review, 33, 499-517.
Kawakubo, M. K. (1987). Perception of authority, control, and commitment in Japanese organizations. Dissertation Abstracts International, 49, 01-A.
Konovsky, M. A. & Pugh, S. D. (1994). Citizenship behavion and social exchange. Academy of management journal, 37 (3), 656-669.
Konovsky, M. A., & Cropanzano, R. S.(1991). Perceived fairness of employee drug testing as a predictor on emplyee attitudes and job performance. Joumal of Applied Psychology, 76, 698-707.
Kouzes, R. M., & Posner, B. Z. (1993). Credibility:How leaders gain and lose it, why people demand it. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Kinpis, D. (1996). Trust and technology. In R. M. Kramer & T. R. Tyler (Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research. (pp.39-50). Thousands Oak, CA: Sage.
Kramer, R. M. (1996). Divergent realities and convergent disappointments in the hierarchic relation: Trust and the intuitive auditor at work. In R. M. Kramer & T. R. Tyler(Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research. (pp.357-389). Thousands Oak, CA: Sage.
Kramer, R. M., Brewer, M. B., & Hannn, B. A. (1996). Collective trust and collective action: The decision to trust as a social decision. In R. M. Kramer & T. R. Tyler(Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of thesry and resacrh. (pp.357-389). Thousands Oak., CA:Sage.
Kushman, J. W. (1992). The organizational dynamic of teacher workplace commitment : a study of urban elementary and middle schools. Educational and Administration Quarterly, 28, 213-226.
Lawler, E. E.,Ⅲ. (1968). Equity theory as a predictor of productivity and work quality. Psychological Bulletin, 70, 596-610.
Lawler, E. E., Ⅲ. (1990). Strategic pay: Aligning organizational strategies and pay systems. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Lerner, M. J. (1997). The justice motive: some hypotheses as to its origins and forms. Journal of Personality, 45, 1-52.
Lind, E. A., & Tyler, T. R. (1988). The social psychology of procedural justice. New York: Plenum.
Leventhal, G. A. (1976). Fairness in social relationships. In J. W. Thibaut, J. T. Spencer, & R. C. Carson (Eds.), Contemporary topics in social psychology (pp. 211-239). Morristown, NJ:General Learning Press.
Leventhal, G. S. (1980). What should be done with equity theory? In K. J. Gergen, M. S. Greenberg, & R. H. Willis (Eds.), Social exchange:Advances in theory and research (pp.27-55). New York: Plenum.
Leventhal, G. A., Karuza, J., & Fry, W. R. (1980). Beyond fairness: A theory of allocation preferences. In G. Mikula (Ed.), Justice and social interaction (pp. 167-218). New York: Springer-Verlag.
Lewicki, R. J., & Bunker, B. B. (1996). Developing and maintaining trust in work relationships. In R. M. Kramer & T. R. Tyler (Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research (pp. 114-139). Thousands Oak, CA: Sage.
Lewicki, R. J., McAllister, D. J., & Bies, R. J. (1998). Trust and distrust new relationship and realities. Academy of Managemant Review, 23(3), 438-458.
Lillibridge, J. R., & Lundstedt, S. (1967). Some initial evidence for an interpersonal risk theory. Journal of Psychology, 66, 119-128.
Lorenz, E. H. (1988). Neither friends nor strangers: Informal networks of subcontracting in French industry. In D. Gambetta (Ed.), Trust: Marking and breaking cooperative relations.(pp. 194-210). New York: Basil Blackwell.
Luhmann, N. (1979). Trust and power: Two works by Niklas Luhmann. John Weilwy & Sons Ltd. Pitman Press. Avon, Great Britian.
Martin, C. L., & Bennett, N. (1996). The role of justice judgments in explaining the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Group & Organization Management, 21, 84-104.
Mathieu, J. E., & Zajac, D. (1990). A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlattes, and consequences of organizational commitment, job involvement,and job satisfaction. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 171-194.
Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20, 709-734.
McCauley, D. P., & Kuhnert, K. W. (1992). A theoretical review and empirical investigation of employee trust in management. Public Administration Quarterly, 16, 265-278.
Meyer, J. P. and Allen, N. J. (1991) A Three-component Conceptualization of Organizational Commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1,61-89.
Miller, C. E., Jackson, P., Mueller, J., & Schersching, C. (1987). Some social psychological effects of group decision rules. Journal of Personality and Psychology, 52, 325-332.
Mishra, A. K. (1996). Organizational responses to crisis: The centrality of trust. In R. M.Kramer & T. R. Tyler(Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research.(pp.261-287). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Moorman, R. H. (1991). Relationship between Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 845-855.
Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W., (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, 224-247.
Mowday, R. T., Porter L. W. & Steers, R. M. (1982). Employee-Organizational linkages :the psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. New York : Academic Press.
McFarkin, D. B., & Sweeney, P. D. (1992). Distributive justice and procedural justice as predictors of satisfaction with personal and organizational outcomees. Academy of Management Journal, 35, 626-637.
McGrevin, C. Z. (1984). Teacher particpation in the decision making process and its relationship to organizational commitment morale. Dissertation abstracts International, 145, 05 A.
Meeker. B. F. (1983). Cooperative orientation, trust, and reciprocity. Human Relations, 37, 225-243.
Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J. & Smith , C. A. (1993). Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three components onceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 538-551.new window
Miles, R. E. &Snow, S.C.(1995). The new network firm: A spherical structure bulit on a human investment philosophy. Organizational Dynamics, 23(4), 5-17.
Mikula, G. (1980a). Introduction: Main issues in the psychological research on justice. In G. Mikula (Ed.), Justice and social interaction: Experimental and theoretical contributions from psychological research (pp. 13-23). New York: Springer-Verlag.
Mikula, G. (1980b). On the role of justice in allocation decisions. In G. Mkula (Ed.), Justice and social interaction: Experimental and theoretical contributions from psychological research (pp. 127-166). New York: Springer-Verlag.
Mishra, A. K. (1996). Organizational responses to crisis: The centrality of trust. In R. M. Kramer & T. R. Tyler (Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research (pp. 261-287). Thousands Oak, CA: Sage.
Mishra, J., & Morrissey, M. A. (1990). Trust in employee/employer relationships: A survey of West Michigan managers. Public Personnel Management, 19, 443- 486.
Mitchell, T. R. (1979). Organizational behavior. Annual Review of psychology, 30, 243- 281.
Moorman, R. H., Niegoff, B. P., & Organ, D. W.(1991) Treating employees fairly and organizational citizenship behavior Sorting the effects of job satisfaction organizational commitment, and procedural justice. Employee esponsibilities & Rights Journal, 6(3), 209-225.
Morgan, R. M. & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58, 20-38.
Morrison, E.W. & Robinson, S. L. (1997). When employees feel betrayed: A model of how psychological contract violation develops. Academy of Management Review, 22(1), 226-256.
Morris, J. H. & Sherman, J. D. (1981). Generalizability of an organizational commitment model. Academy of Management Journal, 24, 512-526.
Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, 244-247. (ILL)
Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. M., & Steere, R. M. (1982). Employee organization link ages: the psychology of commitment, absenteeeism. and turnover. New York: Academic Press.
Niehoff, B. P. & Moorman, R. H. (1993). Justice as a mediator of the relationship between methods of monitoring and organizational citizenship behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 36(3), 327-336.
Nicholson, N. & Johns, G. (1985). The Absence culture and the psychological contract-Who''''s in control of absence? Academy of Mnangement Review, 10(3), 397-407.
O''''Reilly, C. A. (1978). The intentional distortion of information in organizational communication: A laboratory and field investigation. Human relations, 31(2),173-193.
O’Reilly, C.A.,III,& Chatman, J.(1986). Organizational commitment and psychology attachment: The effect of compliance, identification and internalization on prosocial behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology,3,492-499.
Organ, D. W., & Ryan, K. (1995). A meta-analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel Psychology, 48, 775-802.
Organ, D. W., & Konovsky, M. (1989). Cognitive versus affective determinants of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Applied Pshchology, 74(1), 157-164.
Pagden, A. (1988). The destruction of trust and its economic consequences in the case of eighteenth-century Naples. In D. Gambetta (Ed.), Trust: Making and breaking cooperative relations (pp. 127-141). New York: Basil Blackwell.
Pearce, J. L. (1993). Toward an organizational behavior of contract laborers: Their psychological involvement and effects on employee co-workers. Academy of Management Journal, 36(5), 1082-1096.
Pincus, J. D., Knipp, J. E., & Rayfield, R. E. (1990). Internal communication and job satisfaction revisited: The impact of organizational trust and influence on commercial bank supervisors. In L. A. Grunig, & J. E. Grunig (Eds.), Public Relations Research Annual (vol. 2, pp.173-191) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erbraum Associate.
Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., & Boulion, P. V. (1974). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(5), 603-609.
Powell, W. W. (1990). Neither market nor hierarchy: Network forms of organization. Research in organizational behavior, 12, 295-336.
Powell, W. W. (1996). Trust-based forms of governance. In R. M. Kramer & T. R. Tyler (Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research (pp. 51-67). Thousands Oak, CA: Sage.
Pfeffer, J. and Davis-Blake, A. (1992). Salary Dispersion, Location in the Salary Distribution and Turnover Among College Administrators. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 45, 753-763.
Pfeffer, J. and Langton, N.(1993). The Effects of Wage Dispersion on Satisfaction, Productivity, and Working Collaboratively: Evidence From College and University Faculty. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38, 382-407.
Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Leadership Quarterly, 1, 107-142.
Porter, L. W., & Smith, F. J. (1970). The etiology of organizational commitment. Unpublished paper. University of California at Irvine.
Quinn, R. E. (1985). The relationship of commitment on the part of Lay Catholic elementary school principals in the United States to selected personal variables. Dissertation Abstracts Interactional, 46, 05A.
Rawls, J. R., Ulrich, R. A. & Nelson, O. T., Jr. (1975). A comparison of managers entering or reentering the profit and nonprofit sectors. Academy of Management Journal, 18, 616-622.
Rawls, J. (1971). A theory of justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Rempel, J. K. & Holmes, J. G. (1986). How do I trust three? Psychology Today, 20 (2), 28-34.
Robbins, S. P. (1996). Equity Theory. Organizational Behavior, Prentice Hall International Inc., 332-336.
Roberson, Q. M. (1999). Group justice: A conceptual model of shared perceptions of fairness among members of organizational workgroups. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland.
Robert, D. C., Selim, S. I., and Jason, J. B. (1998). A Multi-dimensional Study of Trust in Organizations. Journal of Managerial Issue, 10,303-317.
Ronen, S.(1986). Equity Perception in Multiple Comparisons: A Field Study. Human Relations, 39,333-346.
Reichers, A. E. (1985). A review and reconceptualization of organizational commitment. Academy of Management Review, 10, 465-476.
Reyes, P. (1990). Teachers and their workplace: Commitment, performance, and productivity. California: Sage.
Reyes, P. & Pounder, D. G. (1990). Teachers commitment, job satisfaction, and school value orientation: A study of public and private schools. University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Robinson, S. L. (1996) Trust and breach of the psychological contract. Administrative Science Ouarterly, 41, 574-599.
Robison, S. L. & Morrison, E. W. (1995). Psychological contracts and OCB: The effect of unfulfilled obligations on civic virtue behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16, 289-298.
Rotter, J. B. (1967). A new scale for the measurement of trust. Journal of Personality, 35, 651-665.
Rotter, J. B. (1980). Interpersonal trust, trustworthiness, and gullibility. American Psychologist, 35(1), 1-7.
Rousseau, S. B., Sitkin, S. B., Burt, R. S., & Camerer, C. (1998). Not so different after all: A cross-discipline view of trust. Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 393-404.
Salancik, G. R. (1977). New directions in organizational behavior. chicago: St. Clair Press.
Schappe, S. P. (1996). Bridging the gap between knowledge and positive employee attitudes: Procedural justice as keystone. Group & Organization Management, 21, 337-364.
Scheldon, M. E. (1971). Investments and involvements as mechanisms producing commitment to the organization. Administrative Science Quarterly, 16,110-142.
Schnappe, S. P. (1998) The Influence of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Fairness Perception on Organizational Citizenship. Journal of Psychology Interdisciplinary & Applied, 132,277-291.
Scholl, R. W., Cooper, E. A. & McKenna, J. F. (1987). Referent Selection in Determining Equity Perceptions : Differential Effect on Behavioral and Attitudinal Outcomes. Personnel Psychology , 40,113-124.
Scott, C. L., Ⅲ. (1980). Interpersonal trust: a comparison of attitudinal and situational factors. Human Relations, 33, 805-812.
Shapiro, D., Sheppard, B. H., & Cheraskin, L. (1992). Business on a handshake. Negotiation Journal, 8, 365-377.
Sheppard, B. H., & Lewicki, R. J., (1987). Toward general principles of managerial failrness. Social Justice Research, 1, 161-196.
Scheldon, M. E. (1971). Investments and involvements as mechanisms producing commitment to the organization. Administrative Sciencee Quarterly, 16, 110-142.
Schwab, D. P. (1980). Construct validity in organizational behavior. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 3-43). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Schwarzwald, J. Koslowsky, M., & Shalit, B. (1992). A field study of employees’ attitudes and behaviors after promotion decisions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 4, 511-514.
Shapiro, D. L. (1993). Reconciling theoretical differences among procedural justice researchers by reevaluating what is means to have one’s view “considered”: Implications for third-party managers. In R. S. Cropanzano (Ed.), Justice in the workplace: Approaching fairness in human resource management (pp. 51-78). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Shaw, R. B. (1997). Trust in the balance: Building successful organizations on results, integrity and concern. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Sheppard, B. H,. Lewicki, R. J., & Minton, J. W. (1992). Organizational justice: The search for fairness in the workplace. New York: Lexington Books.
Sheppard, B. H., & Tuchinsky, M. (1996). Micro-OB and the network organization. In R. M. Kramer & T. R. Tyler (Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research (pp. 140-165). Thousands Oak, CA: Sang.
Sitkin, S. B., & Roth, N. L. (1993). Explaining the limited effectiveness of legalistic “remedies” for trust/distrust. Organizational Science,4(3),. 367-392.
Sitkin, S. B. & Stickel, D. (1996). The road to hell: The dynarnics of distrust in an era of quality. In R. M. Kramer & T. R. Tyler(Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research: 196-215. Thousands Oak, CA: Sage.
Solomom, L. (1960). The influence of some types of power relationships and game strategies upon the development of interpersonal trust. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61, 223-230.
Staw, B. M. (1977). Commitment to a policy decision: A multi-theoretical perspective. Administrative Science Quarterly, 23, 40-64.
Staw, B. M. (1981). The escalation of commitment to a course of action. Management Review, 6, 577-587.
Steers, R. M.(1977a). Organizational effectiveness: A behavioral view. California: Goodyear Publishing Inc.
Steers, R. M. (1977b). Antecedents and outcomes of organizational commitment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22, 46-56.
Steers, R. M. (1979). Motivation and work behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Stevens, J. M., Beyer, J. M. & Trice, H. M. (1978). Assessing personal, role, and organization predictor of manageial commitment. Academy of Management Journal, 21, 380-396.
Strickland, L. H., (1958). Surveillance and trust. Journal of Personality, 26,200-215.
Swan, J. E., Trawick, I. F., Jr., Rink, D. R., & Roberts, J. J. (1988). Measuring dimensions of purchaser trust of industrial salespeople. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 8, 1-9.
Sweeney, P. D., & McFarlin, D. B. (1993). Workers’ eveluations of the “ends” and the “means” : An examination of four models of distributive and procedural justice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 55, 23-40.
Tang, S., Robertson, P. J., & Lane, C. E. (1996). Organizational types, commitment, and managerial actions. Public Productivity & Management Review, 19, 289-312.
Tam, W. W. (1998). An assessment of the relationships among organizational trust, organizational politics, and organizational justice, and their effects on merit pay outcomes in the Malaysian public sector. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University.
Turner, J. C. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. New York: Basil Blackwell.
Thibaut, J., & Walker, L. (1975). Procedural justice: A psychological analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum .
Tyler, R. R. (1986). The work environment: A positive guide to theft deterrence. Personnel Journal, 65(8), 36-40.
Tyler, T. R. (1989). The psychology of procedural justice: A test the group value model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 830-838.new window
Tyler, T. R. (1988). What is procedual justice? Lew and Society Review, 22, 301-355.
Tyler, T. R. & Lind, E. A. (1992). A relational method of authority in groups. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 115-191.
Tyler, T. R. (1994). Psychological models of the justice motive. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 850-863.
Tyler, T. R. & Degoey, P. (1996) Trust in organizational authorities: The influence of motive attributions on willingness to accept decisions. In R. M. Kramer & T. R. Tyler(Eds.), Trust in organiztions: Frontiers of theory and research. (pp.331-356). Thousand Oak, CA: Sage.
Wheeless, L. R. & Grotz, J. (1977). The Measurement of trust and its relationship to self-disclosure. Human communication Research, 3(3), 250-257.
Walker, L., LaTour, S., Lind, E. A. and Thibaut, J. (1974). Reactions of Participants and Observers to Modes of Adjudication. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 4,295-310.
Walker, L., Lind, E. A., & Thibaut, J. (1979). The relation between procedural and distributive justice. Virginia Law Review, 65, 1401-1420.
Whitener E. M., Brodt, S. E., Korsgard, M. A., & Werner, J. M. (1998). Manager as Initiators of Trust : An Exchange Relationship Framework for Understanding Managerial Trustworthy Behavior. Academy of Management Review, 23,513-530.
Walster, E., Walster, G. W., & Berscheid. (1978). Equity: Theory and research. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Weiner, Y. (1972). Theories of motivation : From mecanism to cognition. Chicago: Markham publishing Co.
Wiener, Y. (1983). Commitment in organization: A normative view. Academy of Management Review, 7(3), 418-428.
Willanson, O. E. (1993). Calculativeness, trust, and economic organization. Journal of Law and Economics, 34, 453-500.
Yamagishi, T. & Yamagushi, M. (1994). Trust and commitment in the united states and Japan. Motivation and Emotion, 18(2), 129-166.
Zand, D. E. (1972). Trust and managerial problem solving. Administrative Science Ouarterly,. 17, 229-239.
Zohar, D. (1995). The Justice Perspective of Job Stress. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16,487-495.
Zucker, L. G. (1986). Production of trust: Institutional sources of economic structure. 1840-1920. In B. M. staw & L. L. Cummings(Eds.),Research in Organizational Rehayion, 8, 53-111. Greewich, CT: JAI Press.
Zucker, L. G., Darby, M. R., Brewer, B. B., Peng, Y. (1996). Collaboration structure and information dilemmas in biotechnology: Organizational boundaries as trust production. In R. M. Kramer & T. R. Tyler(Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research. (pp.90-113). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
QR Code
QRCODE