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題名：補習數學有用嗎？--一個「反事實」的分析
書刊名：臺灣社會學刊
作者：關秉寅 引用關係／李敦義
作者(外文)：Kuan, Ping-yin／Lee, Duen-yi
出版日期：2008
卷期：41
頁次：頁97-148
主題關鍵詞：補習；教育成就；教育階層化；反事實；傾向分數配對；Cram schooling；Educational achievement；Educational stratification；Counterfactual；Propensity score matching
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(31) 博士論文(3) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:29
  • 共同引用共同引用:271
  • 點閱點閱:303
補習是學校教育體制外一種補充性或補救性的學習活動，被視爲有利於教育成就取得的一種手段。本文主要研究目的在探討國三學生參與數學科補習是否有效、效用多大，以及什麼類型學生補習的效益最大等三個研究議題，爲了回答這些議題，我們也會暸解誰會去參與補習。本文分析資料取自台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫（Taiwan Education Panel survey, 簡稱TEPS）第一波和第二波國中樣本資料，經整理後共得11373個有效樣本數。運用邏輯迴歸，以及「傾向分數配對」(Propensity Score Matching)方法從事「反事實」的分析後發現：（一）除了社經背景因素外，學習環境愈佳和個人先備能力愈高者，愈可能在國土時參與數學補習；（二）數學補習有其正面功效，但對於國三參與補習者而言，其效果值並不人，約爲0.125個標準差；（三）國三參加補習者中，如果補習的傾向分數越高、先備能力愈好，或是父母教育程度愈高者，其數學補習的平均效果比較小。
Private "cram schools" are prevalent throughout Taiwan, with students attending (or working with private tutors) after regular school hours to gain a competitive edge and to prepare for national high school and university entrance examinations. The authors address the issues of whether or not math cramming achieve the desired results, the strength of the average positive effect, and what kinds of students benefit the most and least from math cramming. In addition, we analyze factors influencing student participation in math cramming. Our data are taken from the 2001 and 2003 waves of the Taiwan Education Panel Study. We use propensity score matching to estimate the average treatment effect of math cramming on a sample of Taiwanese ninth grade students. Our findings indicate higher chances of participation in math cramming for students from families with higher socioeconomic status, who enjoy better learning environments, and who have better prior math ability. Overall counterfactual analysis results indicate that for the students in our sample, the average treatment effect of math cramming was positive but small (SD approximately 0.125). Our results also show negative correlations between effects of math cramming and greater likelihood of attending cram school, higher parental education level and prior math ability.
期刊論文
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2.Becker, B. J.(1990)。Coaching for the Scholastic Aptitude Test: Further Synthesis and Appraisal。Review of Educational Research，60(3)，373-417。  new window
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4.Lareau, Annette、Weininger, Elliot B.(2003)。Cultural Capital in Educational Research: A Critical Assessment。Theory and Society，32(5/6)，567-606。  new window
5.林大森、陳憶芬(20061200)。臺灣高中生參加補習之效益分析。教育研究集刊，52(4)，35-70。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.Holland, Paul W.(1986)。Statistics and Causal Inference。Journal of the American Statistical Association，81(396)，945-960。  new window
7.Carroll, John B.(1989)。The Carroll Model: A 25-year Retrospective and Prospective View。Educational Researcher，18(1)，26-31。  new window
8.Becker, Sascha O.、Ichino, Andrea(2002)。Estimation of average treatment effects based on propensity scores。The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata，2(4)，358-377。  new window
9.Caliendo, Marco、Sabine, Kopeinig(2008)。Some Practical Guidance for the Implementation of Propensity Score Matching。Journal of Economic Surveys，22，31-72。  new window
10.LeTendre, Gerald K.、Baker, David P.、Akiba, Motoko、Wiseman, Alexander W.(2001)。Worldwide Shadow Education: Outside-school Learning, Institutional Quality of Schooling, and Cross-national Mathematics Achievement。Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis，23(1)，1-17。  new window
11.Carroll, John B.(1963)。A Model of School Learning。The Teachers College Record，64(8)，722-733。  new window
12.劉正(20061200)。補習在臺灣的變遷、效能與階層化。教育研究集刊，52(4)，1-33。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.孫清山、黃毅志(19960300)。補習教育、文化資本與教育取得。臺灣社會學刊，19，95-139。new window  延伸查詢new window
14.江芳盛(20060500)。國中學生課業補習效果之探討。臺北市立教育大學學報．教育類，37(1)，131-148。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.黃毅志、陳俊瑋(20080300)。學科補習、成績表現與升學結果--以學測成績與上公立大學為例。教育研究集刊，54(1)，117-149。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.Stevenson, David Lee、Baker, David P.(1992)。Shadow Education and Allocation in Formal Schooling: Transition to University in Japan。American Journal of Sociology，97(6)，1639-1657。  new window
17.王麗雲、游錦雲(20051200)。學童社經背景與暑期經驗對暑期學習成就進展影響之研究。教育研究集刊，51(4)，1-41。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.Morgan, Stephen L.、Harding, David J.(2006)。Matching estimators of causal effects: Prospects and pitfalls in theory and practice。Sociological Methods and Research，35(1)，3-60。  new window
19.Winship, Christopher、Morgan, Stephen L.(1999)。The Estimation of Causal Effects from Observational Data。Annual Review of Sociology，25(1)，659-707。  new window
20.李敦義(20060900)。補習有助於升學嗎？--分析補習、多元入學與教育取得間的關係。教育與心理研究，29(3)，489-516。new window  延伸查詢new window
21.Abadie, Alberto、Drukker, David、Herr, Jane L.、Imbens, Guido W.(2001)。Implementing Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects in Stata。The Stata Journal，1，1-18。  new window
22.Brunner, Martin、Artelt, Cordula、Krauss, Stefan、Baumert, Jürgen(2007)。Coaching for the PISA Test。Learning and Instruction，17(2)，111-122。  new window
23.Allalouf, Avi、Ben-Shakhar, Gershon(1998)。The Effect of Coaching on the Predictive Validity of Scholastic Aptitude Tests。Journal of Educational Measurement，35，31-47。  new window
24.Morgan, Stephen L.(2001)。Counterfactuals, Causal Effect Heterogeneity, and the Catholic School Effect on Learning。Sociology of Education，74，341-374。  new window
25.Gettinger, Maribeth(1985)。Time Allocated and Time Spent Relative to Time Needed for Learning as Determinants of Achievement。Journal of Educational Psychology，77，3-11。  new window
26.Smith, Jeffery A.、Todd, Petra(2005)。Does Matching Overcome LaLonde's Critique of Nonexperimental Estimators?。Journal of Econometrics，125，305-353。  new window
27.Powers, Donald E.(2001)。Comment: Using National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS) Data to Evaluate the Effects of Commercial Test Preparation。Chance，14(1)，19-21。  new window
28.Briggs, Derek C.(2001)。The Effect of Admissions Test Preparation: Evidence from NELS: 88。Chance，14(1)，10-18。  new window
29.Moore, Elsie G. T.、Smith, A. Wade(1987)。Sex and Ethnic Group Difference in Mathematics Achievement: Results from the National Longitudinal Study。Journal for Research in Mathematics Education，18(1)，25-36。  new window
會議論文
1.章英華、伊慶春(2005)。Cram Schooling and Academic Achievement: A Remedial Strategy, A Proactive Strategy or Just a Mimic Behavior。0。  new window
研究報告
1.Lechner, Michael(1999)。Identification and Estimation of Causal Effects of Multiple Treatments under the Conditional Independence Assumption。Bonn, Germany。  new window
2.Imbens, Guido W.(1999)。The Role of Propensity Score in Estimating Dose-response Functions。Cambridge, MA。  new window
3.楊孟麗、譚康榮、黃敏雄(2003)。心理計量報告：TEPS 2001分析能力測驗【第一版】。臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Zeng, K.(1999)。Dragon gate: Competitive examinations and their consequences。London, UK：Cassell。  new window
2.Berliner, David C.(1990)。What’s all the fuss about instructional time? the nature of time in schools:Theoretical concepts, practitioner perceptions。New York, NY：Teacher College Press。  new window
3.Morgan, Stephen L.、Winship, Christopher(2007)。Counterfactuals and Causal Inference: Methods and Principles for Social Research。Harvard University Press。  new window
4.Entwisle, Doris R.、Alexander, Karl L.、Olson, Linda Steffel(1997)。Children, Schools and Inequality。Boulder, Colorado：Westview Press。  new window
5.Wooldridge, Jeffrey M.(2006)。Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach。Thomson South-Western。  new window
6.Bowles, Samuel、Gintis, Herbert(1976)。Schooling in Capitalist America: Educational Reform and the Contradictions of Economic Life。New York：Basic Books。  new window
7.Bray, Mark(2003)。Adverse Effects of Private Supplementary Tutoring: Dimensions, Implications and Governmental Responses。Adverse Effects of Private Supplementary Tutoring: Dimensions, Implications and Governmental Responses。Paris, France。  new window
8.Sørensen, Aage B.、Morgan, Stephen L.(2000)。School Effects: Theoretical and Methodological Issues。Handbook of the Sociology of Education。New York, NY。  new window
其他
1.Aronson, Julie，Zimmerman, Joy，Carlos, Lisa(1999)。Improving student achievement by extending school: Is it just a matter of time?，http://www.wested.org/online_pubs/po-98-02.pdf。  new window
2.張苙雲(2004)。第一波（2001）國中家長問卷，臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
3.張苙雲(2004)。第一波（2001）國中學生表現評量問卷，臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
4.張苙雲(2006)。第一波（2003）國中家長問卷，臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
5.張苙雲(2006)。第一波（2003）國中學生問卷，臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
6.張苙雲(2006)。第二波（2003）國中學生問卷，臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Winship, Christopher、Sobel, Michael(2004)。Causal Inference in Sociological Studies。The Handbook of Data Analysis。Sage。  new window
 
 
 
 
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