The Purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of
transformational and transactional leadership of elementary
school principals on the culture characteristics and
effectiveness of school organization. The sample of this study
were 927 teachers and 10 principals purposefully drawn from
thirty-one large and medium sized elementary schools located
in Kaoshiung and Tainan cities, and Kaoshiung and Pintung
counties. The sample comprised twenty percent of the
population. Both survey and interview techniques were employed
in this study to collect the data. The“School Overview
Questionnaire” contains three sub-scales“Principal Leadership
Scale,”“School Organization Culture Characteristics Scale,”
and“School Effec- tiveness Scale”was developed by the
researcher and administered to the 927 teachers. Ten elementary
school principals were interviewed on the subjects of
leadership styles, school organizational culture
characteristics, school effectiveness, and the relationship
among leadership style, organizational culture characteristics
and school effectiveness. Data were analyzed separately for
individual schools and for the total sample. Nine major
conclusions of this study were suggested,and also the
suqqestions concerning future research and leadship practices.