This research used Delphi Method. There were 21 consultative committee members who were teaching at teachers colleges and specializing in science education. The instrument was the questionnaire “Research on the Professional Literacy of Elementary Science Teachers in the New Century” that was mainly composed of the five-grade marking chart with open-ended questions. The statistics analysis instrument was “Computer Software, SPSS 10.0 for Windows”. The conclusion of this research was the agreed-upon opinions combined three rounds of survey. After combining and integrating professors’ opinions, the researches found: (1)For the science PCK, first teachers should understand the top ten core competences of Grade 1-9 Curriculum and put them into teaching practices. Second, teachers should have the competences of assessing and selecting appropriate science teaching materials and revising current materials based on students’ different capability, previous knowledge, and school environment. Finally, teachers should manage and maintain science-teaching aids well. (2)For the teaching skills, teachers should do experiments, lab safety education and waste chemicals and drugs well. Teachers also can teach science anywhere, any teaching method and educational field trips. Moreover, teachers cause classroom management skills to establish teacher-student-parents interaction and communications well. (3)For professional in service-training, teachers should take any available opportunities to attend professional refreshers to reshape teachers’ image as being professional and self-determined. The researchers suggested that elementary science teachers should process the above professional literacy in the new century. The professional literacy can hopeful serve as a reference for education authority in stipulating teachers training policies and designing teachers’ professional refreshers.