This study discussed the process and the effectiveness of the operation of a teacher professional learning community in a skills-based senior high school. Seven members, including two teachers of the university and five teachers of the skills-based senior high school, participated in the study. With the theme of “food and agriculture education”, the community led the five classes taught by the five teachers of the senior high school to complete five topics of course practice, including farming, food cooking, snack baking, situational arrangement, and tea ceremony. This case study lasted for one school year, and it used the qualitative method of document analysis, interviews, focus group interviews, and participant observation. The results showed that: 1. The process of the implementation of the teacher professional learning community included four stages: starting, positioning, on the way, and consolidating; 2. The effectiveness could be divided into teacher and student dimensions; 3. The operations of teacher professional learning community faced five dilemmas: (1)The community’ operation in vocational education was different from that in general education; (2) Teachers had heavy loading in their own jobs and thus might be excluded from participating in the community; (3) The implementation of results-oriented community required lots of money, and thus it needed budget subsidy; (4) The operating environment of teacher professional community still needed to be strengthened. (5) It would be much better if the teacher professional learning community could include members of different professional fields, increase community members’ cross-domain vision, and promote curriculum implementation. Finally, this study offered suggestions for teacher professional learning community development, school social responsibility, and future research.