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題名:現代教學革新與教室設計的發展趨勢
書刊名:初等教育學刊
作者:湯志民 引用關係
出版日期:1993
卷期:2
頁次:頁33-91
主題關鍵詞:教室設計教學革新
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(4) 專書(2) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:4
  • 共同引用共同引用:641
  • 點閱點閱:62
教室是實施班級教學最基本的單位空間,也是學校教育設施中最重要的教學活動場所。教室設計係指班級教學空間的規畫及其規格形式、物理環境和附屬設施的整體配置能符應教學活動需求之歷程。由於教室兼具教學、學習和休憩功能,教室設計不僅影響教師的教學,也會影響學生的行為,其重要性不言而喻。 1990年代,學校教育的目的在追求「平等」和「卓越」 ,前者強調「教育是所有人的權利」,後者強調「給每個人最好的教育」,而平等、卓越的教育需有教學革新的理念與之配合並據以實現。現代教學革新,受認知心理學、人本心理學以及社會快速變遷的影響,主要有三個明顯的發展趨向,即個別化的教學、思考化的教學和有效的教學,教室的設計自應與之配合,以促進教學效果的提升。 過去二千年來教室的設計有很戲劇性的變化,其發展概況大致由戶外、沒有固定空間和貧乏的設備,慢慢走向室內、有固定的空間和充實的設備十九世紀以前,教室設計並不受重視,二十世紀以後則迅速發展,由簡易的木造和磚造教室,發展為標準化的RC造或鋼骨模造教室,再發展為具有開放空間的現代化多目的教室。教室設計的主要發展趨勢有六:(1)規格形式彈性化,(2)空間規畫多樣化, (3)物理環境舒適化,(4)情境佈置教育化,(5)設施配置生活化,(6)教學設備現代化。對國內國民中、小學未來教室設計的發展方向,有諸多啟示與深值省思之處。
Being the basic unit space for class teaching, classrooms are the most important teaching setting of school facilities. The classroom design is the process of planning the space, the specification and form, the physical en-vironment and the facilities to meet the needs of teaching activities. With the multifunctions of teaching, learning and recreation, it is obvious that classroom design has not only an impact on teachers' teaching but also on students' behavior. In the 1990s, the goals for school education are to pursue "equity" and "excellence"; the former emphasizes "a right for all" , and the latter "the best for each". To achieve the goals, the idea of teaching innovation must be held. Under the influences of cognitive psychology, humanistic psychology and rapid social change, there are three main trends are shown as individualized teaching, thinking teaching and effective teaching in the modern teaching innovation. The classroom design, therefore, should be matched to promot teaching effectiveness. The classroom design has undergone dramatic change over the past two thousand years. In earlier days, classrooms used to be out in the open air, unfixed space with poor equipment, gradully , they tend to be indoors with fixed space and a bundant equipment. Before the nineteenth cent□ry, the class room design was not to be considered as so important. However , it devel-oped repidly after the twentieth century. classrooms that made of wood and brick were replaced by reinforced concrete or steel plate model, and then tend to modernish multipurpose with open space ones. The classroom design has six main trends: (l)the flexibility of the specification and form, (2)the variety of space planning, (3)the comfortableness of the physical environ-ment, (4)the educativeness of the situation arrangement, (5)the livableness of the facilities arrangement, (6) the modernization oh the teaching equipments. For the elementary and junior high schools here in Taiwan, The trends mentioned above cast some light on the possible directions of future classroom design.
期刊論文
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2.Cotterell, J. L.(1984)。Effects of school architectural design on student and teacher anxiety。Environment and Behavior,16(4),455-479。  new window
3.Weinstein, C. S.(1982)。Privacy-seeking behavior in an elementary classroom。Journal of Envionmental Psychology,2,23-35。  new window
4.湯志民(19910600)。學校建築與教育哲學。教育研究,19,62-68。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.建築思潮研究所(1987)。學校--小學校、中學校、高等學校。建築設計資料,16,4-138。  延伸查詢new window
6.Atwood, V. A.、Leitner, J. T.(1985)。Time and space: Tools for effective teaching。Education,106(1),15-21。  new window
7.Dykman, B. D.、Reis, H. T.(1979)。Personality correlates of classroom seating position。Journal of Educational Psychology,71,346-354。  new window
8.Mwamwenda, T. S.、Mwamwenda, B. B.(1987)。School facilities and pupils' academic achievement。Comparative Education,23(2),225-235。  new window
9.Smith, M. L.、Glass, G. V.(1980)。Meta-analysis of Research on class size and its relationship to attitudes and instruction。American Educational Research Journal,17(4),419-433。  new window
10.Stires, L.(1980)。Classroom seating location, student grades, and attitudes environment or self-selection?。Environment and Behavior,12(2),241-254。  new window
11.黃世孟(19900600)。日本中小學校教室建築設計之演變。教與學,20,12-21。  延伸查詢new window
12.Cutler, W. W. III(1989)。Cathedral of culture: The schoolhouse in American educational thought and practice since 1820。History of Education Quarterly,29(1),1-40。  new window
13.Weinstein, C. S.(1979)。The physical environment of the school: A review of the research。Review of Educational Research,49(4),577-612。  new window
14.湯志民(19890900)。淺談教室布置。師友月刊,267,10-12。  延伸查詢new window
15.Rosenfield, P.、Lambert, N. M.、Black, A.(1985)。Desk Arrangement effects On pupil classroom behavior。Journal of Educational Psychology,77(1),101-108。  new window
16.何春枝(1991)。教室設計的新趨勢。教育研究,22,65。  延伸查詢new window
17.黃家懋(19891200)。從班級教室的功能談空間設計。國教月刊,36(3/4),20-22。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.Baird, L. L.(1969)。Big school, small school: A critical examination of the hypothesis。Journal of Educational Psychology,60(4),253-260。  new window
19.黃政傑(19860600)。潛在課程概念評析。國立臺灣師範大學教育研究所集刊,28,左163-182。  延伸查詢new window
會議論文
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2.黃世孟(1992)。國民學校建築轉型之理論與實際。高雄縣國民中小學校務發展暨校園規劃研討會。高雄:高雄縣政府教育局。  延伸查詢new window
3.黃政傑(1990)。思考與思考教學。臺北:五南圖書公司。173-190。  延伸查詢new window
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5.Gump, P. V.(1985)。An environmental perspective on classroom order。The Annual Meeting of The American Educational Research Association。Chicago, IL。  new window
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研究報告
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學位論文
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90.林寶山(1990)。教學論--理論與方法。臺北:五南圖書公司。  延伸查詢new window
91.林萬義(1986)。國民小學學校建築評鑑之理論與實際。臺北:五南。  延伸查詢new window
92.蔡保田(1986)。學校建築研究的發展。臺北:五南圖書出版公司。  延伸查詢new window
93.吳清山(1992)。學校效能研究。五南圖書出版股份有限公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
94.教育部國民教育司(1981)。國民小學設備標準。臺北:正中。  延伸查詢new window
95.陳奎熹(1990)。教育社會學研究。臺北市:師大書苑。  延伸查詢new window
96.高廣孚(1988)。教學原理。五南圖書出版股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
97.黃昆輝(1988)。教育行政學。東華。  延伸查詢new window
98.林生傳(19880000)。新教學理論與策略:自由開放社會中的個別化教學與後個別化教學。臺北市:五南圖書出版股份有限公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
99.張春興(1992)。現代心理學。臺北市:東華書局。  延伸查詢new window
100.Sears, D. O.、Peplau, L. A.、Taylor, S. E.(1991)。Social psychology。Prentice-Hall International, Inc.。  new window
101.吳清山(1991)。學校行政。臺北市:心理出版社。  延伸查詢new window
102.MacKenzie, D. G.(1989)。Planning educational facilities。Lanham:University Press of America, Inc.。  new window
103.Good, Carter Victor(1973)。Dictionary of Education。McGraw Hill。  new window
圖書論文
1.湯志民(1988)。美國新設國小學校建築規畫與設計簡介。國民中小學學校建築與設備專題研究。臺北:臺灣書店。  延伸查詢new window
2.歐陽教(1986)。教學的觀念分析。有效教學研究。臺北:臺灣書店。  延伸查詢new window
3.林生傳(1986)。個別化教學的認識與展望。有效教學研究。臺北:臺灣書局。  延伸查詢new window
4.林生傳(1991)。現階段臺灣社會變遷與教學的改進與革新策略。社會變遷與教育發展。臺北:臺灣書局。  延伸查詢new window
5.張新仁(1991)。現代教學方法的新趨勢。社會變遷與教育發展。臺北:臺灣書局。  延伸查詢new window
6.湯志民(1993)。現代教學革新的趨向與策略。二十一世紀中小學教育新發展。臺中:湯志民。  延伸查詢new window
7.Ahrentzen, S.、Jue, G. M.、Skorpanich, M. M. A.、Evans, G. W.(1984)。School environments and stress。Environmental stress。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。  new window
8.Bechtel, R. B.、Zeisel, J.(1987)。Observation: The world under a glass。Methods in environmental and behavioral research。New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc.。  new window
9.Gump, P. V.(1987)。School and classroom environments。Handbook of environmental psychology。New York:Wiley InterScience Publication, John Wiley and Sons。  new window
10.Ziegler, S.、Andrews, H. F.(1987)。Children and built Environments。Methods in environmental and behavioral research。New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.。  new window
11.吳一成、何尚道(1988)。淺談國民小學校舍建築。國民中小學學校建築與設備專題研究。臺北:臺灣書店。  延伸查詢new window
12.張鈿富(1991)。如何達成教育設施之現代化與效率化。學校建築理論與實務專題研究。臺北:臺灣書店。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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