The purpose of this study is to explore the teachers’ autonomy in curriculum decision-making. In this study, I analyze the concept of the teachers’ autonomy in curriculum decision-making. Furthermore I used a questionnaire to investigate the teachers’ autonomy in curriculum decision-making in middle schools and high schools in Taiwan. According to the results of empirical investigation, I find there is a wide gap between the real situation and the “ought to” situation of the teachers’ autonomy in curriculum decision-making. The type of teachers’ autonomy in curriculum decision-making is the “adaptive type” primary. The factors that influence the teachers’ autonomy in curriculum decision-making include internal factors and external factors. The internal factors include teachers’ knowledge and skill, and teachers’ consciousness and aspiration. The external factors include social—local situation, school—law regulations, curriculum—instructional materials, and student’s attitude and ability. Finally, I provide several suggestions to authorities in education and school teachers.