This study is to explore the relationship between the roles of subject leaders’teacher leadership in elementary/junior high school and students’ learning performance. First, the literature on teacher leadership is reviewed to analyze the relevant contents, strategies, and assignments. Secondly, based on the concept of teacher leadership, subject leaders’ duties of teacher leadership are analyzed. Last, the empirical research results are reviewed to investigate the potential relationship between teacher leadership and students’ learning performance. The result shows that teacher leadership is a strategy for reforming school and enhancing teaching effectiveness. Nevertheless, only through improving school’s learning conditions and pursuing teachers’ professional growth, teacher leaders can enhance students’ learning performance. Consequently, subject leaders should be empowered to take charge of the implementation. Furthermore, in order to improve school education and students’ learning performance, subject leaders should develop effective curriculum and teaching strategies as well as enhance teachers’ professional growth.