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題名:普通班特殊需求學生課程調整之探討及其在國語科應用成效之研究
作者:蔣明珊 引用關係
校院名稱:國立臺灣師範大學
系所名稱:特殊教育研究所
指導教授:盧台華
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2002
主題關鍵詞:課程調整特殊需求學生成效Curriculum AdaptationStudents with Special Needseffects
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本研究的主要目的在於瞭解目前國小普通教師實施課程調整的狀況及需求,然後藉由實施普通班課程調整教學實驗,並評鑑其實施過程與成效,以發展一個可行之課程調整實施模式。本研究之進行是以行動研究的概念為指導原則,研究過程可概分為計劃、發展、教學及評鑑四個階段。在計劃階段的研究對象為十九位國小普通教師,在其它階段的研究對象則主要來自台北市一所國民小學的一至三年級班上有特殊需求學生之普通班,又可分為實驗班級及對照班級。實驗班級共有六個班,對象包含六位級任教師、六名身心障礙學生、九名資優學生、十五名特殊需求學生之家長、一八七名普通學生及研究者本身;對照班級則有三個班,包含五位身心障礙學生及九十七名普通學生,資優生則未做鑑定。研究過程所用的研究方法包括問卷調查、訪談、準實驗設計、觀察、測驗、文件分析及團體座談等。研究結果顯示:
一、 在計劃階段訪談的十九位普通班教師不具備課程調整的具體概念,因此雖然大多同意實施課程調整有其必要性,但卻因擔心沒有多餘時間或增加教學負擔,而有一半以上表示不會實施課程調整。
二、 六位參與教師對課程調整訓練方案感到滿意,不過認為研討內容不需太多,並建議搭配具體實例或在實際的教學情境中以實務操作的方式進行。
三、 參與教師對實施國語科課程調整的態度因調整效果的顯現而從實驗初期的興奮或觀望,進展到中期的忙碌與接納,直到後期則有明顯的肯定。在課程調整教學實驗後,教師所使用的調整策略均有明顯增加,對課程調整有正向的看法,且認為在專業方面有所成長。不過教師亦發現實施課程調整會拉長教學時間。
四、 普通教育的國語科課程可以從課程內容、教學策略、教學環境及學習成果四方面進行調整,而且在普通班中同時進行資優與障礙學生的課程調整是可行的,其中各項調整策略的選用亦須綜合考慮各項原則,而特殊班教師與普通班教師的合作則是影響課程調整實施的重要因素。
五、 特殊班教師可以提供普通班教師課程調整的的協助主要包括提供課程調整的建議,設計相關的學習單,製作教具,協助尋找相關資源,對部份障礙較嚴重、學習較困難的學生進行入班合作教學,將在資源班發現到的合適教學策略轉移給普通班教師及協助訓練愛心媽媽等。
六、 學生較喜歡的調整策略為語文遊戲及視覺化提示,認為最有幫助的則為視覺化提示。而教師認為效果較佳的調整策略則為合作教學、教導學習策略、運用合作學習、多元層次教學、遊戲教學、獨立研究指導及視覺化提示。
七、 實施課程調整教學能提高部份障礙學生的專心度、對國語科的學習適應狀況及對國語科的學習態度。資優學生的專心度則視其特質及活動內容而定,且大部份資優生的國語學習適應狀況及國語態度沒有明顯變化。
八、 雖然部份障礙生的學業成就有所提昇,但並沒有一致的結果。大抵而言,即使沒變好,也不會明顯變差;大多數資優生的學業成就則無明顯改變。教師則認為課程調整可以滿足不同學生的學習需求,並促進特殊需求學生的學業成就與人際關係。在家長方面,障礙學生的家長認為實施課程調整能幫助孩子學習國語,其中以認字、讀寫及造句方面的表現較佳;而資優學生的家長則非常滿意獨立研究的指導及充實課程的設計。
根據上述結果,本研究分別就師資培訓、教育制度、教學、教科書出版商及未來研究,提出相關的建議,最後並綜合文獻及研究發現提出一個普通班的國語科課程調整模式,供未來實施課程調整的教師參考。
This study examined the current status and needs of 19 regular class teachers’ implementation of curriculum adaptation, and then conducted a quasi-experiment to evaluate the effects of curriculum adaptation for the students with special needs in the regular classrooms. Six of the 19 teachers participated in the experiment. Self-developed Questionnaires, interview, observation, tests, documents, and focus groups were used to collect data. The sample of the experiment consisted of 6 teachers, 6 disabled students and their parents, 9 gifted students and their parents, and 187 regular students in the experimental group, and 5 disabled students and 97 regular students in the comparison group.
Results showed that teachers were not familiar with the concept of curriculum adaptation. Most of the 19 teachers agreed with the importance of implementing curriculum adaptation for the special needs students in the regular classrooms, but more than half of them did not modify the curriculum.
After the experiment, all 6 teachers held more positive attitudes toward curriculum adaptation, had better professional ability, and implemented more adaptation strategies than before. Although implementing curriculum adaptation did not consistently improve students’ academic performance on the test scores, disabled students were more concentrated on class events than without. Teachers and parents of the students with special needs also recognized the improvement of students’ learning and peer relationship after implementing curriculum adaptation. The findings suggest that it is feasible to adapt curriculum for disabled and gifted students at the same time with the help of special teacher. Implications for teachers’ training, education systems, teaching strategies, and future research are discussed. A model for the implementation of curriculum adaptation is also proposed.
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