摘 要 教育是促進社會流動和向上提升的重要力量，美、英、加等國近年均致力落實 「積極性的差異原則」，透過教育資源提供介入性的幫助，改善環境對弱勢學生 在教育學習的不利影響，彌補其在起點學習的落差。本文首先探討弱勢學生意 涵、類型及可能遭遇困難，其次彙整分析美、英、加、大陸及臺灣等在弱勢教育 採行的政策與措施，分析並說明臺北市弱勢學生的現況及對弱勢學生的教育措 施，最後提出臺北市未來在推動弱勢學生教育政策的方向及相關因應措施建議。

Abstract Education is an important means for people to promote and raise social mobility. In recent years, the USA, UK, and Canada have striven to carry out the principle of positive discrimination by providing the intervention program, to improve learning environment, and to make up the learning gap at the starting point. The purpose of this study is first to discuss the meaning, the categories, and the difficulties that disadvantaged students face. Secondly, to analyze the policy and strategy adopted by the USA, UK, Canada, Mainland China, and Taiwan. The policy regarding disadvantaged students in Taipei City is also examined. Finally, future directions and coping measures of the policy on disadvantaged students in Taipei City are provided.