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題名:家長式教練領導行為、選手害怕失敗與成就目標關係之研究
作者:卓國雄 引用關係
作者(外文):Kuo-Hsiung Cho
校院名稱:國立體育學院
系所名稱:體育研究所
指導教授:盧俊宏
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2008
主題關鍵詞:結構方程模式2×2成就目標害怕失敗structural2×2achievement goalfear of failure
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本研究目的主要是探討家長式教練領導行為、選手害怕失敗與成就目標之關係。研究對象為1170位兒童選手,男性752位,女性388位,平均年齡為11.46歲(SD=0.69歲)皆分別接受兒童選手運動表現失敗評估量表、兒童版家長式教練領導量表與兒童版運動情境2×2成就目標量表之施測;其中,部分受試者需接受不同時間點的施測以作為縱貫分析資料。
經皮爾遜積差相關分析顯示,威權領導、仁慈領導和才德領導皆與害怕失敗呈正相關,但與低階害怕失敗因素的相關則存有差異,其中威權領導與害怕遭受重要他人責罰的因素相關最高,而仁慈和才德領導則與害怕辜負重要他人期望因素關係最強。其次,在因果及中介效果的驗證上,經結構方程模式分析顯示,害怕失敗除了是兒童選手精熟逃避和表現逃避目標的前因變項外;同時,害怕失敗也分別具有完全中介威權領導與精熟逃避、仁慈領導與精熟逃避、仁慈領導與表現逃避目標關係的效果,以及對於威權領導與表現逃避關係具有抑制效果。
基此,害怕失敗是影響兒童選手在運動情境中採行逃避性成就目標的決定因子。再者,責罰的和高期望的教練領導行為易誘發兒童選手害怕失敗的傾向,是故建議基層教練應避免採取此等領導行為,方能減少害怕失敗對兒童選手有關成就動機和行為的不利影響。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among paternalistic coach leadership behaviors, athletes’ fear of failure, and 2 x 2 achievement goals. The participants included in the present study were 1170 children athletes (752 boys and 388 girls, mean age 11.46 years old; SD = ±0.69 year). Several instruments were conducted including the Children Athletic Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory (CAPFAI), revised Children Paternalistic Coach Leadership Scale (CPCLS), and Children’s 2×2 Achievement Goals in Sport Questionnaire (CAGSQ). Some of the participants also involved in a longitudinal design to examine the relationships between fear of failure and 2 x 2 achievement goals over two months.
Results based on correlation matrix revealed that authoritarian leadership, benevolent leadership and moral leadership were positively correlated to fear of failure, however, correlations among subscales of fear of failure and leadership behaviors were different. The strongest correlation is the one which between authoritarian leadership and fear of experiencing blame and punishment by important others. In addition, the benevolent leadership and moral leadership revealed a moderate correlation on fearing of falling short of important others’ expectations. Results between fear of failure and 2 x 2 achievement goals based on structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that fear of failure as an antecedent of the master-avoidance goals and performance-avoidance goals for children athletes. Furthermore, authoritarian leadership could indirectly influence master-avoidance goal through fear of failure, and fear of failure would mediate the effects of benevolent leadership on master-avoidance goal and performance-avoidance goal. In addition, fear of failure was a suppressor variable between authoritarian leadership and performance-avoidance goal.
All in all, fear of failure was a determinative factor of achievement goals adoption for both avoidance goal forms on children athletes in sport setting. Moreover, the punitive and high-expectation coaching leadership are more likely to induce children athletes’ fear of failure tendency. Results based on the present study suggested that this specific coaching leadership behavior should be reduced and thus will further benefit children athletes’ achievement striving and behaviors.
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