中文部分
李烱煌、季力康、江衍宏(2005):2 × 2運動成就目標量表之建構效度。大專體育學刊,第7卷,第4期,61-70頁。李雪珠(1997):青少年的情緒經驗與父母教養方式之分析研究。未出版碩士論文,高雄市,國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所。
吳宗祐、徐瑋伶、鄭伯壎(2002):怒不可遏或忍氣吞聲:華人企業主管威權領導與部署憤怒反應。本土心理學研究,第18期,3-49頁。周俊三(2003):台灣與中國大陸籃球選手家長式領導、動機氣候、團隊凝聚力與團隊滿意關係之研究。未出版碩士論文,桃園縣,國立體育學院教練研究所。
卓國雄、盧俊宏(2005a):害怕失敗動機之結構與深層意義。大專體育,第76期,99-105頁。卓國雄、盧俊宏(2005b):害怕失敗、知覺比賽重要性和年齡對運動攻擊意圖之區別分析。國立體育學院論叢,第16卷,第3期,43-59頁。卓國雄、盧俊宏(印刷中):兒童版運動情境2×2成就目標量表之建構效度研究。體育學報。洪志成、廖梅花(2003):焦點團體訪談。嘉義市:濤石文化。
高三福(2001):團隊文化與教練領導:質化與量化兩種研究途徑。未出版博士論文,台北市,國立臺灣師範大學體育研究所。高三福(2005):華人運動團隊信任:教練與運動員互動之探究。大專體育學刊,第7卷,第3期,115-126頁。高三福、陳鈺芳(2006):運動教練的教誨領導:高中運動團隊的個案研究。大專體育學刊,第8卷,第1期,97-111頁。高三福、簡曜輝、莊仲仁(2002):教練的家長式領導與運動員表現。第四屆華人心理學家學術研討會暨第六屆華人心理與行為科際學術研討會。台北:中央研究院。
康正男(2006):棒球總教練威權領導與球員效能之研究---職棒與業餘之比較。大專體育學刊,第8卷,第1期,112-123頁。陳龍弘、蔡英美(2005):華人家長式領導、運動員情緒感受與運動員競技倦怠之關係研究。大專體育學刊,第7卷,第2期,101-111頁。彭淑玲、程炳林(2005):四向度課室目標結構、個人目標導向與課業求助行為之關係。師大學報(教育類),50(2),69-95頁。湯慧娟、宋一夫(2004):教練家長式領導、團隊文化價值觀對團隊承諾之影響研究。體育學報,36期,119-130頁。楊國樞(1993):中國人的社會取向:社會互動的觀點。見楊國樞、余安邦(主編):中國人的心理與行為:理念與方法篇(一九九二)。台北:桂冠。鄭伯壎(1990):領導與情境---互動心理學研究途徑。台北:大洋。
鄭伯壎(1993):家長權威價值與領導行為之關係探討。國科會專題研究報告。
鄭伯壎(1995):家長權威與領導行為的關係:一個台灣民營企業主持人的個案研究。中央研究院民族學研究期刊,79期,119-173頁。鄭伯壎(2006):華人組織行為研究的方向與策略:由西化到本土化。本土心理學研究,24期,191-245頁。鄭伯壎、周麗芳、樊景立(2000):家長式領導:三元模式的建構與測量。本土心理學研究,14期,3-64頁。樊景立、鄭伯壎(2000):家長式領導:一項文化觀點的分析。本土心理學研究,13期,127-180頁。謝岱陵(2003):國中生四向度目標導向之中介效果分析。未出版碩士論文,台南市,國立成功大學教育研究所。
英文部分
Ames, C. (1984). Achievement attributions and self-instructions under competitive and individualistic goal structures. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 78-87.
Ames, C. (1992). Achievement goals, motivational climate, and motivational process. In G. C. Roberts(Ed.), Motivation in sport and exercise(pp. 161-176). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Amorose, A. J., & Horn, T. S. (2000). Intrinsic motivation: Relationships with collegiate athletes’ gender, scholarship status, and perceptions of their coaches’ behavior. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 22, 63-84.
Anshel, M. H. (1991). Causes for drug abuse in sport: A survey of intercollegiate athletes. Journal of Sport Behavior, 14, 283-307.
Arbuckle, J. (1999). Amos users’ guide(version 4.0). Chicago: Small Waters Corporation.
Atkinson, J. W. (1957). Motivational determinants of risk-taking behavior. Psychological Review, 64, 359-372.
Atkinson, J. W. (1966). Motivational determinants of risk-taking behavior. In J.W. Atkinson & N.T. Feather (Eds.), A theory of achievement motivation (pp. 11-30). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Barnett, N. P., Smoll, F. L., & Smith, R. E. (1992). Effects of enhancing coach-athlete relationships on youth sport attrition. The Sport Psychologist, 6, 111-127.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
Benjamin, L. S. (1974). Structural analysis of social behavior (SASB). Psychological Review, 81, 392-425.
Benjamin, L. S. (1996). Interpersonal diagnosis and treatment of personality disorders. New York: Guilford Press.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonnet, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of the covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.
Bentler, P. M., & Wu, E. J. C. (1993). EQS: Windows user’s guide. Los Angeles: BMDP Statistical Software.
Birney, R. C., Burdick, H., & Teevan, R. C. (1969). Fear of failure. New York: Van Nostrand.
Black, S. J., & Weiss, M. R. (1992). The relationship among perceived coaching behaviors, perception of ability, and motivation in competitive age-group swimmers. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 14, 309-325.
Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equation with latent variables. New York: Wiley.
Bowlby, J. (1979). The making and breaking of affectional bonds. London: Routledge.
Bowlby, J. (1969/1982). Attachment and loss volume 1: Attachment (2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base. London: Basic Books.
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K.A. Bollen & J.S. Long(Eds.), Testing structural equation models(pp. 136-162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Butt, D. S. (1987). The psychology of sport: The behavior, motivation, personality and performance of athletes. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Caraway, K., Tucker, C. M., Reinke, W. M., & Hall, C. (2003). Self-efficacy, goal orientation, and fear of failure as predictors of school engagement in high school students. Psychology in the Schools, 40, 417-427.
Chiu, C., & Yang, C. F. (1987). Chinese subjects’ dilemmas: Humility and cognitive laziness as problem in using rating scale. Bulletin of the Hong Kong Psychology Society, 18, 39-50.
Chelladurai, P. (1978). A contingency model of leadership in athletics. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Waterloo.
Chelladurai, P. (1989). Manual for the Leadership Scale for Sports. Unpublished manuscript. University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
Chelladurai, P. (1990). Leadership in sports: A review. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 21, 328-354.
Chelladurai, P. (1993). Leadership. In R.N. Singer, M. Murphey, & L.K. Tennant(Eds.), Handbook on research on sport psychology(pp. 647-671). New York: Macmillan.
Chelladurai, P., & Haggerty, T. R. (1978). A normative model of decision styles in coaching. Athletic Administration, 13, 6-9.
Chelladurai, P., & Saleh, S. D. (1980). Dimensions of leader behavior in sports: Development of a leadership scale. Journal of Sport Psychology, 2, 34-45.
Chu, T. S. (1961). Law and society in traditional China. Pairs: Mouton.
Church, M. A., Elliot, A. J., & Gable, S. L. (2001). Perceptions of classroom environment, achievement goals, and achievement outcomes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93, 43-54.
Coakly, J. J. (1986). Sport in society: Issues and controversies(3th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Times Mirror/Mosby.
Coakly, J. J. (1990). Sport in society: Issues and controversies(4 th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Times Mirror/Mosby.
Conger, A. J. (1974). A revised definition of suppressor variables: A guide to their identification and interpretation. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 34, 35-46.
Conroy, D., E. (2001a). Fear of failure: An exemplar for social development research in sport. Quest, 53, 165-183.
Conroy, D. E. (2001b). Progress in the development of a multidimensional measure of fear of failure: The Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory (PFAI). Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 14, 431-452.
Conroy, D. E. (2003). Representatational models associated with fear of failure in adolescents and young adults. Journal of Personality, 71, 757-783.
Conroy, D. E. (2004). The unique meaning of multidimensional fears of failing. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 26, 484-491.
Conroy, D. E., & Coatsworth, J. D. (2007). Coaching behaviors associated with changes in fear of failure: Changes in self-talk and need satisfaction as potential mechanisms. Journal of Personality, 75, 384-419.
Conroy, D. E., & Elliot, A. J. (2004). Fear of failure and achievement goals in sport: Addressing the issue of the chicken and the egg. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 17, 271-285.
Conroy, D. E., Elliot, A. J., & Hofer, S. M. (2003). A 2 x 2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport: Evidence for factorial invariance, temporal stability, and external validity. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25, 456-476.
Conroy, D. E., Kaye, M. P., & Coatsworth, J. D. (2006). Coaching climates and destructive effects of mastery-avoidance achievement goals on situational motivation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 28, 69-92.
Conroy, D. E., Poczwardowski, A., & Henschen, K. P. (2001). Evaluative criteria and consequences associated with failure and success for elite athletes and performing artists. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13, 300-322.
Conroy, D. E., Willow, J. P., & Metzler, J. (2002). Multidimensional fear of failure measurement: The performance failure appraisal inventory. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14, 76-90.
Covington, M. V. (1986). Anatomy of failure-induced anxiety: The role of cognitive mediators. In R. Schwarzer(Ed.), Self-related cognitions in anxiety and motivation(pp. 247-264). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Cumming, S. P., Smith, R. E., & Smoll, F. L. (2006). Athlete-perceived coaching behaviors: Relating two measurement traditions. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 28, 205-213.
DeVellis, R. F. (1991). Scale development: Theory and applications. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Duda, J. L. (1989). The relationship between task and ego orientation and the perceived purpose of sport among male and female high school athletes. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11, 318-335.
Dweck, C. S. (1986). Motivational processes affecting learning. American Psychologist, 41, 1040-1048.
Dweck, C. S. (1990). Self-theories and goals: Their role in motivation, personality, and development. In R. Gienstbier(Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Vol. 38(pp. 199-235). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Dweck, C. S., & Leggett, E. (1988). A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality. Psychological Review, 95, 256-273.
Dwyer, J. M., & Fischer, D. G. (1990). Wrestlers’ perceptions of coaches’ leadership as predictors of satisfaction with leadership. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 71, 511-517.
Elliot, A. J. (1999). Approach and avoidance motivation and achievement goals. Educational Psychologist, 34(3), 169-189.
Elliot, A. J., & Church, M. A. (1997). A hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 218-232.
Elliot A. J., & Conroy, D. E. (2005). Beyond the dichotomous model of achievement goals in sport and exercise psychology. Sport and Exercise Psychology Review, 1, 17-25.
Elliot, A. J., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (1996). Approach and avoidance achievement goals and intrinsic motivation: A mediational analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 461-475.
Elliot, A. J., & McGregor, H. A. (1999). Test anxiety and the hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 628-644.
Elliot, A. J., & McGregor, H. A. (2001). A 2 × 2 achievement goal framework. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 501-519.
Elliot, A. J., McGregor, H. A., & Thrash, T. M. (2002). The need for competence. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 361-387). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
Elliot, A. J., & Thrash, T. M. (2001). Achievement goals and the hierarchical model of achievement motivation. Educational Psychology Review, 12, 139-156.
Farh, J. L., & Cheng, B. S. (2000). A cultural analysis of paternalistic leadership in Chinese organizations. In J. T. Li, A.S. Tsui, & E. Weldon (Eds.), Management and organizations in the Chinese context. London: Macmillan.
Finkel, S. E. (1995). Causal analysis with panel data. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Gardner, D. E., Shield, D. L. L., Bredemeier, B. J. L., & Bostrom, A. (1996). The relationship between perceived coaching behaviors and team cohesion among baseball and softball players. The Sport Psychologist, 10, 367-381.
Gordon, S. (1988). Decision styles and coaching effectiveness in university soccer. Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences, 13(1), 56-65.
Gould, D., Guinan, D., Greenleaf, C., & Peterson, K. (1999). Factors affecting Olympic performance: Perceptions of athletes and coaches from more or less successful teams. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 371-394.
Gould, D., Horn, T., & Spreeman, J. (1983). Sources of stress in junnior elite wrestlers. Journal of Sport Psychology, 5, 159-171.
Gould, D., Feltz, D., Horn, T., & Weiss, M. R. (1982). Reasons for discontinuing involvement in competitive youth swimming. Journal of Sport Behavior, 5, 155-165.
Harackiewicz, J. M., Barron, K. E., Pintrich, P. R., Elliot, A. J., & Thrash, T. M. (2002). Revision of achievement goal theory: Necessary and illuminating. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94, 638-645.
Harlow, H. (1958). The nature of love. American Psychologist, 13, 673-685.
Hermans, H. J. M., ter Laak, J. J. F., & Maes, P. C. J. M.(1972). Achievement motivation and fear of failure in family and school. Development of Psychology, 6, 520-528.
Holmes, M. E., & Poole, M. S. (1991). Longitudinal analysis. In B. M. Montgomery & S. Duck (Eds). Studying interpersonal interaction (pp. 286-302). New York: Guilford Press.
Hoyle, R. H., & Panter, A. T. (1995). Writing about structural equation models. In R. H. Hoyle(Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues and applications(pp. 158-176). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit index in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternative. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55.
James, L. R., & Brett, J. M. (1984). Mediators, moderators, and test for mediation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 307-321.James, L. R., Mulaik, S. A., & Brett, J. M. (2006). A tale of two methods. Organizational Research Methods, 9(2), 233-244.
Johnson-George, C., & Swap, W. C. (1982). Measurement of specific interpersonal trust: Construction and validation of a scale to assess trust in a specific other. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 1306-1317.
Jörekog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1989). LISREL 7: A guide to the program and applications. Chicago: SPSS.
Jowett, S., & Cockerill, I. M. (2002). Incompatibility in the coach-athlete relationship. In I. M. Cockerill (Ed.), Solutions in Sport Psychology. (pp.16-31) London: Thompson Learning.
Jowett, S., & Meek, G. (2000). The coach-athlete relationship in married couples: An exploratory content analysis. The Sport Psychologist, 14, 157-175.
Kavussanu, M., & Roberts, G. C. (1996). Motivation in physical activity context: The relationship of perceived motivational climate to intrinsic motivation and self- efficacy. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18, 264-280.
Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31-36.
Kelloway, E. K. (1998). Observed variable path analysis, in using LISREL for structual equation modeling: A researcher’s guide, 81-102. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Kenny, D. A. (1979). Correlation and causality. New York: Wiley.
Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Bolger, N. (1998). Data analysis in social psychology. In D.Gilbert, S.T.Fiske, & G.Lindzey(Eds.), Handbook of social psychology(4th ed., Vol,1,pp.233-265.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press.
Krohne, H. W. (1992). Developmental conditions of anxiety and coping: A two-process model of child-rearing effects. In K. A. Hagtvet & T. B. Johnsen (Eds.), Advances in test anxiety research(Vol. 7, pp. 143-155). Amsterdam: Swets & Zeitlinger.Lazarus, R. S. (1966). Psychological stress and the coping process. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Lazarus, R. S. (1991a). Emotion and adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press.
Lazarus, R. S. (1991b). Progress on a cognitive - motivational - relational theory of emotion. American Psychologist, 46, 819-834.
Lazarus, R.S. (1999). Stress and emotion: A new synthesis. New York: Springer.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer Verlag.
Lazarus, R. S., & Smith, C. A. (1988). Knowledge and appraisal in the cognition - emotion relationship. Cognition and Emotion, 2, 281-300.
Leary, T. F. (1957). Interpersonal diagnosis of personality. New York: Ronald.
Maehr, M. (1983). On doing well in science: Why Johnny no longer excels, why Sarah never did. In S. Pairs, G. Olson, & H. Stevenson(Eds.), Learning and motivation in the classroom(pp. 179-210). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Maehr, M. (1984). Meaning and motivation. In R. Ames & C. Ames(Eds.), Research in motivation in education: Student motivation(Vol. 1, pp. 115-144). New York: Academic.
Martin, A. J., & Marsh, H. W. (2003). Fear of failure: Friend or foe? Australian Psychologist, 38, 31-38.
McClelland, D. C., Atkinson, J. W., Clark, R. A., & Lowell, E. L. (1953). The achievement motive. New York: Irvington.
McGregor, H. A., & Elliot, A. J. (2005). The shame of failure: Examining the link between fear of failure and shame. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 218-231.
McMillin, C. J. (1990). The relationship of athlete self - perceptions and athlete perceptions of leader behaviors to athlete satisfacation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Virginia-Charlottesville.
Midgely, C., Kaplan A., & Middleton, M. (2001). Performance – approach goals: Good for what, for whom, under what circumstances, and at what cost? Journal of Educational Psychology, 93, 77-86.
Monte, C. F., & Fish, J. M. (1987). The fear-of-failure personality and academic cheating. In R. Schwarzer, H. M. van der Ploeg, & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Advance in test anxiety research (Vol.6). Amsterdam: Swets & Zeitlinger.Murray, H. A. (1938). Exploration in personality: A clinical and experimental study of fifty men of college age. New York: Oxford University Press.
Nicholls, J. G., (1984). Conceptions of ability and achievement motivation. In R. Ames & C. Ames (Eds.), Research on motivation in education: Student motivation (Vol.1 , pp.39-73). New York: Academic Press.
Nicholls, J. G. (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Nicholls, J. G., Patashnick, M., Chung Cheung, P., Thorkildsen, T. A., & Lauer, J. M. (1989). Can achievement motivation theory succeed with only one conception of success? In F. Halisch & J. Van den Beroken(Eds.), Intentional perspectives on achievement motivation(pp. 100-119). Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
Ntoumanis, N., & Biddle, S. J. H. (1999). A review of motivational climate in physical activity. Journal of Sport Sciences, 17, 643-665.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nded.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Orlick, T. D. (1972). A socio-psychological analysis of early sports participation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Papaioannou, A. (1998). Goal perspectives, reasons for being disciplined, and self-reported discipline in physical education lessons. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 17, 421-441.
Passer, M. W. (1988). Determinants and consequences of children’s competitive stress. In F. L. Smoll, R. A. Magill, & M. J. Ash(Eds.), Children in sport(pp. 130-143). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Pintrich, P. (2000a). An achievement goal theory perspective on issues in motivation terminology, theory, and research. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 92-104.
Pintrich, P. (2000b). The role of goal orientation in self - regurated learning. In M.Boekaerts, P.Pintrich, & M.Zeidner(Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Theory, research and applications(pp.451-502). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Pottebaum, F. M., Keith, T. Z., & Ehly, S. W. (1986). Is there a causal relation between self-concept and academic achievement? Journal of Educational Research, 79, 140-144.
Robinson, T. T., & Carron, A. V. (1982). Personal and situational factors associated with dropping out versus maintaining participation in competitive sport. Journal of Sport Psychology, 4, 364-378.
Rothblum, E. D. (1990). Fear of failure : The psychodynamic, need achievement, fear of success, and evaluation anxiety(pp. 497-537). New York: Plenum.
Sagar, S. S., Lavallee, D., & Spray, C. M. (2007). Why young elite athletes fear failure: Consequences of failure. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(11), 1171-1184.
Salminen, S., & Liukkonen, J. (1996). Coach-athlete relationship and coaching behavior in training sessions. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 27, 59-67.
Sarason, S. B., Davidson, K. S., Lighthall, F. F, Waite, R. R., & Ruebush, B. K. (1960). Anxiety in elementary school children. New York: Wiley.
Scanlan, T. K. (1984). Competitive stress and the child athlete. In J. M. Silva & R. S. Weinberg(Eds.) Psychological foundations of sport(pp. 118-129). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (1996). Beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Schwarz, N. (1999). Self-reports: How the questions shape the answers. American Psychologist, 54, 93-105.
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 Countries. In M.P. Zanna(Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology(Vol. 25, pp. 1-65). London: Academic Press.
Schwartz, S.H., & Bilsky, W. (1990). Toward a theory of the universal content and structure of values: Extensions and cross-cultural replications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 878-891.
Seefeldt, V., Ewing, M., Hylka, T., Trevor, C., & Walk, S. (1989). Participation and attrition in youth sports, with implications for soccer. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the U.S. Youth Soccer Association, Seattle.
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7(4), 422-445.
Smith, S.J. (1991). Where is the child in physical education research? Quest, 43, 37-54.
Smith, R. A. (2006). Understanding sport behavior: A cognitive - affective processing system approach. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18, 1-27.
Smith, S. L., Fry, M. D., Ethington, C. A., & Li, Y.(2005). The effect of female athletes’ perceptions of their coaches’ behaviors on their perceptions of the motivational climate. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17, 170-177.
Smith, R. E., & Smoll, F. L. (1990). Self-esteem and children’s reactions to youth sport coaching behaviors: A field study of self-enhancement processes. Developmental Psychology, 26(6), 987-993.
Smith, R. E., & Smoll, F. L. (1996). The coach as a focus of research and intervention in youth sports. In F.L. Smoll, & R.E. Smith(Eds.), Children and youth in sport: A biopsysocial perspective(pp. 125-141). Dubugue, IA: McGraw-Hill.
Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., & Curtis, B. (1979). Coach effectiveness training: A cognitive-behavioral approach to enhancing relationship skills in youth sport coaches. Journal of Sport Psychology, 1, 59-75.
Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., & Hunt, E. (1977). A system for the behavioral assessment of athletic coaches. Research Quarterly, 48, 401-407.
Smith, R. E., Zane, N. W. S., Smoll, F. L., & Coppel, D. B. (1983). Behavioral assessment in youth sports: Coaching behaviors and children’s attitudes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 15, 208-214.
Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., & Weichman, S. A. (1998). Measurement of trait anxiety in sport. In J.L. Duda(Ed.), Advances in Sport and Exercise Psychology Measurement, (pp. 105-128). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
Smoll, F. L., & Smith, R. E. (2002). Coaching behavior research and intervention in youth sports. In F.L. Smoll & R.E. Smith(Eds.), Children and youth in sport: A biopsycho-social perspective(2nd ed., pp. 211-231). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.
Smoll, F. L., Smith, R. E., Curtis, B., & Hunt, E. (1978). Tawards a mediational model of coach-player relationships. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 49, 528-541.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Summers, R. J. (1983). A study of leadership in sport setting. Unpublished master’s thesis. University of Waterloo, Canada.
Teevan, R. C. (1983). Childhood development of fear of failure motivation: A replication. Psychological Reports, 53, 506.
Teevan, R. C., & McGhee, G. (1972). Childhood development of fear of failure motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 21, 345-348.
Thrash, T. M., & Elliot, A. J. (1999). Intregenerational transmission of the fear of failure motives. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Boston, MA.
Todorovich, J. R., & Curtner-Smith, M. D. (2003). Influence of the motivational climate in physical education on third grade students’ task and ego orientations. Journal of Classroom Interaction, 38(1), 36-46.
Treasure, D. C. (1997). Perceptions of the motivational climate and elementary school children’s cognitive and affective response. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 19, 278-290.
Vallerand, R.J., & Pelletier, L.G. (1985). Coaches’ interpersonal styles, athletes’ perceptions of their coaches’ styles, and athletes’ intrinsic motivation and perceived competence: Generalization to the world of swimming. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Canadian Society for Psychomotor Learning and Sport Psychology, Montreal.
Vealey, R. S., Armstrong, L., Comar, W., & Greenleaf, C. A. (1998). Influence of perceived coaching behaviors on burnout and competitive anxiety in female college athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 10(2), 297-318.
Wang, C. K. J., Biddle, S. J. H., & Elliot, A. J. (2007). The 2×2 achievement goal framework in a physical education context. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(2), 147-168.
Weiss, M. (2001). Athletes’ social networks and relationships: Current status and unexplored frontiers. In A. Papaioannou, Y. Theodorakis, & M. Gouldas(Eds.), Proceedings of the 10th World Congress of Sport Psychology(Part6, pp. 170-172). Skiathos, Greece.
Westwood, R. I. (1997). Harmony and patriarchy: The cultural basis for “paternalistic headship” among the overseas Chinese. Organization Studies, 18, 445-480.
Westwood, R. I., & Chan, A. (1992). Headship and leadership. In R.I. Westwood(Ed.), Organizational behaviour: A Southeast Asian perspective. Hong Kong: Longman.
Wolter, C. A. (2003). Understanding procrastination from a self-regulated learning perspective. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(1), 179-187.
Wolman, B. B. (1973). Dictionary of behavior sciences. New York: Ven Nostrand Reinhold.
Wren, T. J. (1995). The leaders’ companion: Insight on leadership through the ages. New York: Free Press.
Yang. L. S. (1957). The concept of pao as a basis for social relations in China. In J. K. Fairbank(Ed.), Chinese though and institutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Yukelson, D. P. (1984). Group motivation in sport teams. In J.M. Silva, & R.S. Weinberg(Eds.), Psychological foundations of sport(pp. 229-240). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.