Teacher criticism is a form of evaluation through which teachers provide their students with necessary feedback. Since teachers serve as "significant others" to their students, teacher criticism carries much weight in children's mind. Depending on the ways that teachers give criticism to their students, however, teacher criticism may help or hinder children's development. Regrettably, there appears to be little knowledge regarding the realities of teacher criticism in our schools. To remedy the situation, the study is intended to fill the knowledge gap by examining the realities of teacher criticism in elementary schools. Qualitative data were collected from more than one hundred teachers by employing methods such as participant observation, focus-group discussion, site visit and interview. Quantitative data were collected from more than two thousand children by questionnaire survey. The collected data were then analyzed and summarized. The major findings were as follows: Elementary school teachers tend to criticize their students more in the context of non-academic domain than those of academic domain. In other words, teachers are more likely to criticize their students in the areas such as daily disciplines, classroom orders, routine cleanings, and basic manners. Elementary school teachers tend to criticize their students more on the type of "non-academic, undesirable behavior" than the other types of students' behavior such as "the academic, desirable behavior", "the academic, undesirable behavior", and "the non-academic, desirable behavior". It is estimated that elementary school teachers in average criticize their students 40 ~ 60 times a day. Assuming that there are two hundred school days in an academic year, elementary students may encounter approximately 48,000 ~ 72,000 times of criticism from their teachers in six elementary schooling years. Elementary school teachers tend to criticize their students negatively rather than positively. It appears that the quality of teacher criticism still leaves much room for improvement. Elementary school teachers and students differ in their responses to the question "Whom did the teachers criticize. more often?". Elementary students tend to perceive "the whole class" as the answer, while the teachers tend to perceive "individual students" as their target of criticism. "In class period" does not seem to be the only time that elementary school teachers would criticize their students. In fact, teacher criticism toward students may occur anytime during the school day. Moral teaching periods, seat work periods, morning study periods, and forming home-bound teams after school day appear to be the high time for teachers to criticize their students. Based on such findings, the implications of the study were discussed and the recommendations for advancing the quality of teacher criticism were also proposed.